Abstract:

There are various causes for irreversible damage and lack of alveolar bone，including systemic factors and local factors，and the damage caused by alveolar surgery is one of the most common local factors. In order to provide guidance for dentists in the clinics，this paper describes the causes，preventive measures and treatments of damage caused by alveolar surgery.

Key words: alveolar bone, destruction, tooth extraction, minimally invasive technology

摘要：

造成牙槽骨不可逆性损伤及缺失的原因包括全身因素及局部因素，而因牙槽外科手术导致的牙槽骨缺损和缺失是常见的局部因素之一。本文就牙槽外科手术导致的牙槽骨缺损及缺失的原因、如何预防牙槽外科手术造成的牙槽骨及软组织过度或意外损伤以及如何选择正确的手术方法来避免牙槽骨及周围软组织的损伤进行叙述，为临床医生实施正确的牙槽外科操作提供参考。

关键词: 牙槽骨, 损伤, 牙拔除术, 微创技术