Abstract: Objective　To investigate the incidence of different types of maxillary sinus pneumatization and analyse the differences of their related anatomical features by cone beam computed tomography（CBCT）. Methods　The CBCT images of 200 patients who were admitted to the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from January to June 2020 were selected and their CBCT images were reconstructed and analyzed. According to the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the maxillary posterior teeth，the maxillary sinus pneumatization were divided into normal pneumatization type and extensive pneumatization type，and the incidence of each type was counted. According to the degree of maxillary sinus pneumatization，the maxillary sinus included in the study were divided into normal pneumatization group and extensive pneumatization group，and the anatomical characteristics related to maxillary sinus pneumatization in each group were evaluated：amount of maxillary sinus pneumatization（MSPA），and height of alveolar bone（BH），maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness（LWT），maxillary sinus septa（SS），accessory maxillary ostia（AMO），and diameter of the ostium（OD）. Results　Seven maxillary sinuses were excluded because of significant inflammation, and finally 393 maxillary sinuses from 200 patients were included in the study. Among the 200 patients，the incidence of normal pneumatization of maxillary sinus was 50.0%（100/200），which occurred in 163 sides of maxillary sinus（41.5%），and the incidence of extensive pneumatization was 67.0%（134/200），which occurred in 230 sides of maxillary sinus（58.5%）. The values of MSPA，BH and LWT in extensive pneumatization group were（5.48 ± 2.36），（5.10 ± 1.62），and （1.80 ± 0.75）mm，respectively. In the normal pneumatization group，the values of MSPA，BH and LWT were（-0.07 ± 4.07），（11.12 ± 3.76） and （2.80 ± 1.51）mm，respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The incidence of SS and AMO in the extensive pneumatization group was 48.26% and 18.26%，respectively，while that in the normal pneumatization group was 11.04% and 4.29%，respectively，and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. There was no statistical difference in OD between the two groups. Conclusion　The incidence of extensive maxillary sinus pneumatization is high. This type of pneumatization will lead to the increase of MSPA and the decrease of LWT and BH，and SS and AMO are more likely to occur，which reminds stomatologists to pay attention to the degree of the maxillary sinus pneumatization and its related anatomical features before implant surgery and during orthodontic strength in the maxillary posterior tooth area，so as to prevent the occurrence of complications.

Key words: maxillary sinus pneumatization, extensive maxillary sinus pneumatization, cone beam computed tomography

摘要： 目的    应用锥形束CT（cone beam computed tomography，CBCT）分析上颌窦不同气化分型的发生率及相关解剖特征的差异性。方法    选择2020年1—6月就诊于南昌大学附属口腔医院并拍摄CBCT影像患者200例，对其CBCT图像进行重建分析。依据上颌窦底与上颌后牙的位置关系将上颌窦气化类型分为正常气化和过度气化，统计各分型的发生率。根据上颌窦气化程度，将纳入研究的上颌窦分为正常气化组和过度气化组，评估每组以下与上颌窦气化相关解剖学特征：上颌窦气化度（amount of maxillary sinus pneumatization，MSPA）；牙槽骨高度（height of alveolar bone，BH）；上颌窦外侧骨壁厚度（maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness，LWT）；上颌窦间隔（maxillary sinus septa，SS）；上颌窦副口（accessory maxillary ostia，AMO）；上颌窦口直径（diameter of the ostium，OD）。结果    因7侧上颌窦存在明显炎症而被排除，最终纳入研究的是200例患者的393侧上颌窦。200例患者的上颌窦正常气化发生率为50.0%（100/200），共发生于163侧上颌窦中（41.5%）；过度气化发生率为67.0%（134/200），共发生于230侧上颌窦中（58.5%）。MSPA、BH、LWT在过度气化组中分别为（5.48 ± 2.36）、（5.10 ± 1.62）、（1.80 ± 0.75）mm，在正常气化组中分别为（-0.07 ± 4.07）、（11.12 ± 3.76）、（2.80 ± 1.51）mm，组间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；过度气化组的SS、AMO发生率分别为48.26%和18.26%，而正常气化组发生率分别为11.04%和4.29%，组间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；OD在两组间的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论    上颌窦过度气化的发生率较高，这类气化现象会导致MSPA的增加、LWT和BH的降低，更易出现SS、AMO，提醒口腔医生在上颌后牙区种植手术前和正畸加力过程中应关注上颌窦的气化程度及其相关的解剖特征，防止并发症的发生。

关键词: 上颌窦气化, 上颌窦过度气化, 锥形束CT