Abstract: The maxilla is a morphologically complex bone and plays a key role in speech，swallowing，and mastication. The complex 3-dimensional anatomy of this multifunctional region presents not only a challenge of surgical or prosthetic techniques to restoring the preoperative state but also difficulties with the development of a uniformly accepted classification system of maxillary defects. Low defects that involve less than 50% of the transverse palate can be reconstructed effectively with a prosthetic obturator. For the more extensive maxillary defects，composite flaps and/or implant-borne dental prosthesis is required. Several classification systems commonly used for describing the maxillary defects and prosthetic and reconstructive options for these defects will be introduced in this paper.

Key words: maxilla, anatomy, defect, classification, reconstruction

摘要： 上颌骨是一对形态复杂的骨骼，对语音、吞咽和咀嚼功能有重要作用。由于这一多功能区的复杂三维解剖特点，上颌骨缺损后要修复达到术前状态极具挑战性，同时也难以形成普遍接受的分类系统。硬腭缺损小于50%的低位上颌缺损通常可采用赝复体成功修复，较广泛的上颌骨缺损则需复合组织瓣移植和（或）牙种植体支持的赝复体修复。文章就几种常用的上颌骨缺损分类系统及治疗选择做一介绍。

关键词: 上颌骨, 解剖, 缺损, 分类, 修复