Abstract: Root canal perforation is defined as non-physiological pathway between root canal system and periodontal tissues or oral cavity，including iatrogenic and pathological perforation. If the perforation is not detected early or repaired，the chronic infections of the periodontium may ultimately lead to a loss of tooth. The aim of this article was to introduce the etiology，diagnosis，prognosis，prevention and treatment of root canal perforation.

Key words: iatrogenic, perforation, root canal treatment

摘要： 根管壁穿孔是指根管系统和牙周组织或口腔之间的非生理性通道，包括医源性穿孔和病理性穿孔。穿孔发生后若未被及时发现并处理，来自根管内和（或）口腔的微生物便会引起邻近牙周组织的慢性感染，最终影响治疗的预后以及牙齿的保留。文章就根管壁穿孔的病因、诊断、预后、预防和治疗做一介绍。

关键词: 医源性, 穿孔, 根管治疗