Abstract: The incidence of pulmonary embolism in children is increasing. Different from adults，there is no obvious specificity in clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism. Hemodynamic instability is rare. It is likely to be misdiagnosed or to fail to diagnose and the mortality is high. Most of the experience in treatment comes from that for adults. Due to the characteristics of children，the experience of treatment is insufficient. Now in order to improve clinicians’ understanding of the disease and reduce mortality，we review the incidence，risk factors，clinical manifestations，diagnosis，treatment，prevention and prognosis of pulmonary embolism in children in order to make early diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: child, pulmonary embolism, D-dimer, CT-PA

摘要： 近年来，儿童肺血管栓塞性疾病在临床的发生率有所增长。儿童肺栓塞跟成人不同，其临床表现无明显特异性，血流动力学不稳定少见，容易误诊漏诊，病死率较高。治疗上大部分经验来自于成人，儿科医生对本病的药物使用经验不足。该文对儿童肺栓塞的流行病学、风险因素、临床表现、诊断、治疗、预防及预后等方面的诊治进展进行综述，以提高临床医生对本病的认识，做到早诊断、早治疗，降低病死率。

关键词: 儿童, 肺栓塞, D-二聚体, CT-PA