Abstract:

Objective　To analyse the allergens in children with allergic rhinitis and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. Methods　Allergens were detected in 2413 children with allergic rhinitis by immunoblotting from January 2013 to July 2018 in Department of Otolaryngology  Head and Neck Surgery，Children’s Hospital of Fudan University. Results　The first four inhaled allergens were house dust mites，mixed mold，dog hair and house dust，each accounting for 49.52%，23.62%，17.99%，and 15.54%. The first four food-borne allergens were milk，eggs，cashews，and crabs，each accounting for 46.54%，22.92%，19.10%，and 9.45%. Most patients with allergic rhinitis（46.33%） have both inhaled and ingestive allergies.There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between male and female children（P＜0.05）. With age increasing，the positive rate of inhaled allergens in children gradually increased，and the positive rate of ingestive allergens gradually decreased. Conclusion　The inhaled allergens in Shanghai are mainly dust mites and mixed molds. The food-borne allergens are mainly milk and eggs. The detection of allergens can help to understand the allergic state of children.

Key words: child, allergic rhinitis, allergen screening

摘要：

目的　了解过敏性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患儿的过敏原，为儿童AR的预防和治疗提供依据。方法　采用免疫印迹法对2013年1月至2018年7月就诊于复旦大学附属儿科医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的2413例AR患儿进行过敏原检测并进行分析。结果　吸入性过敏原前4位分别为户尘螨（49.52%）、混合霉菌（23.62%）、狗毛（17.99%）、屋尘（15.54%）。食入性过敏原前4位分别为牛奶（46.54%）、鸡蛋（22.92%）、腰果（19.10%）、螃蟹（9.45%）。部分AR患儿（46.33%）同时存在吸入性及食入性过敏。男女患儿过敏原阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随着年龄增长，儿童的吸入性过敏原阳性率逐渐增加，食入性过敏原阳性率逐渐降低。结论　儿童吸入性过敏原以尘螨及混合霉菌为主，食入性过敏原以牛奶及鸡蛋为主，过敏原检测有助于了解患儿的过敏状态。

关键词: 儿童, 过敏性鼻炎, 过敏原筛查