Abstract:

Pleural effusion is common in pediatric respiratory disease. In most of the patients etiology could be identified by routine examinations，however，thoracoscopy is necessary in a few patients. Thoracoscopy makes it possible to observe lesions in pulmonary parenchyma and pleura directly and also get better biopsy，thus a majority of unexplained pleural could be diagnosed clearly. Pediatric thoracoscopy has been developing very fast in the past few years. Here we report our experience by referring to literature.

Key words: pleural effusion, medical thoracoscopy, tuberculous pleuritis, empyema

摘要：

胸腔积液是儿科呼吸系统常见疾病之一，多数患儿通过常规检查可明确病因，但部分患儿还需要胸腔镜协助诊断。胸腔镜可于直视下观察胸膜和肺部病变的形态、部位、大小，并取活检送病理检查，极大地提高了对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断率。近几年儿内科胸腔镜技术有了快速发展。现结合文献，对胸腔镜在胸腔积液中的使用经验进行总结。

关键词: 胸腔积液, 内科胸腔镜, 结核性胸膜炎, 脓胸