Abstract: Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics of rotavirus（RV） infection in children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease（SCID）. Methods　The clinical data of 34 children diagnosed with SCID combined with RV infection in Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from April 2013 to November 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results　A total of 47 patients with SCID who have completed stool RV testing were included，72.3%（n＝34） of the patients had rotavirus infection. Among them，31 children did not receive RV vaccination. The median age of RV infection was 5.1（3.5，7.6） months. The RV infection mainly occurred in winter and spring. A small number of patients（n＝4，11.8%） had symptoms of vomiting. Most of them（n＝32，94%） had an increased frequency of bowel movement，with 3 to 8 times/day，and more than 20 times at most. Stool traits were watery or loose，about 1/3 of patients had mushy stools，and 1 case was asymptomatic. The positive rate of RV infection in SCID patients before umbilical cord blood transplantation was 79.8% to 94.1% before umbilical cord blood transplantation. The median follow-up time before transplantation was 20（5，40） days. The positive rate of RV infection was the highest within 2 weeks，and had a slight downward trend with the time of follow-up. A total of 15 patients underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation. Among them，13 patients were successfully transplanted and the RV turned negative，and 2 patients failed. The median follow-up time after transplantation was 70（11，209） days，and the positive rate of RV was 19.0%. Conclusion　SCID patients have a high rate of RV infection，and their clinical manifestations were not specific. Routine stool pathogen testing is required to assess intestinal infection. SCID patients show persistent RV infection，and the positive rate of RV decreases significantly after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，and eventually is cleared completely.

Key words: severe combined immunodeficiency disease, rotavirus, persistent infection, umbilical cord blood transplantation

摘要： 目的　分析重症联合免疫缺陷病（SCID）患儿轮状病毒（RV）感染的临床特征。方法　回顾性分析2013年4月至2020年11月复旦大学附属儿科医院收治的34例SCID患儿RV感染的临床资料。结果　共纳入47例已完善粪便RV检测的SCID患儿，72.3%（n＝34）的患儿存在RV感染，其中31例患儿未接种过RV疫苗，RV感染的中位年龄为5.1（3.5，7.6）月龄，感染的季节以冬春季节为主。其中少数患儿（n＝4，11.8%）出现呕吐症状，多数（n＝32，94%）表现为大便次数增多，3～8次/d，最多20余次/d。大便性状为蛋花样、水样便、稀便等，约1/3的患儿为糊状便，1例患儿为无症状感染。SCID患儿脐血干细胞移植前的RV阳性率为79.8%～94.1%，移植前中位随访时间为20（5，40） d，RV感染2周内阳性率最高，随着随访时间的延长呈稍下降的趋势。15例行脐血干细胞移植，移植后中位随访时间为70（11，209） d，其中13例患儿移植成功且RV转阴，2例患儿移植失败。移植后RV阳性率为19.0%。结论　SCID患儿RV感染率高，其临床表现无特异性，需常规行粪便病原学检测评估肠道感染情况。SCID患儿在RV感染后呈持续感染状态，造血干细胞移植后RV阳性率显著下降，最终完全清除。

关键词: 重症联合免疫缺陷病, 轮状病毒, 持续感染, 脐血干细胞移植