Abstract:

Bacterial pneumonia is the main cause of severe pneumonia in children. It is difficult to collect the samples of children’s respiratory tract infection，especially the acquisition of lower respiratory tract specimens is a challenge for the primary pediatricians，and it also affects the etiological diagnosis of children’s respiratory tract infection. Among children under 5，bacterial pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae，Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is more common in healthy children aged 5 and above. The etiology of bacterial pneumonia in children was reviewed in this paper.

Key words: bacterial pneumonia, etiology, child

摘要：

细菌性肺炎是儿童重症肺炎的主要原因，但儿童呼吸道感染的病原因年龄和感染场所的不同而不同。儿童呼吸道感染标本采集较为困难，尤其是下呼吸道标本的获取更是基层儿科医师面临的挑战，也影响儿童呼吸道感染病原学诊断。在5岁以下的儿童中，细菌病原体包括肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和化脓性链球菌较为重要。在5岁及以上健康儿童中，肺炎链球菌感染较为常见。该文对儿童细菌性肺炎的病原学进行了简述。

关键词: 细菌性肺炎, 病原学, 儿童