中国实用儿科杂志

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高功能与低功能学龄期孤独症儿童共患病研究

余明刘靖李雪贾美香   

  1. 作者单位:北京大学精神卫生研究所 卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),北京 100191(第一作者现工作于河北医科大学第一医院精神科 河北医科大学精神卫生研究所,石家庄 050031)
  • 出版日期:2014-11-06 发布日期:2014-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘靖 
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(81271508)

Comorbidity in school-aged children with high-functioning and low-functioning autism disorder.

YU MingLIU JingLI XueJIA Mei-Xiang.   

  1. Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
  • Online:2014-11-06 Published:2014-10-29

摘要:

目的 了解学龄期高功能与低功能孤独症儿童共患病的发生情况。方法 采用横断面研究,对2011年9月至2011年11月北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊连续就诊、能够配合检查的62例孤独症儿童,年龄6~16岁、符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)中孤独症诊断标准的儿童进行调查和评定。内容包括:一般状况调查、中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC)评定(不能进行韦氏测查者进行瑞文标准推理测验、比奈测验或图片词汇测验评定)、学龄儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症问卷(K-SADS-PL)评定、儿童总评问卷(C-GAS)评定、儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)评定。结果 高功能孤独症组(IQ≥70)共患病终生共患率100%(29/29),目前共患率为96.5%(28/29)。低功能孤独症组(IQ<70)共患病终生共患率及目前共患率均为100%(33/33)。高功能孤独症组终生及目前共患情感障碍、焦虑障碍、广泛焦虑障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、对立违抗障碍、抽动障碍的比例高于低功能孤独症组(P均<0.05)。高功能孤独症组精神科用药史、目前上学比例高于低功能孤独症组,自幼发育落后比例低于低功能孤独症组(P均<0.05)。高功能孤独症组CARS得分低于低功能孤独症组,C-GAS得分高于低功能孤独症组(P均<0.05)。结论 共患病在学龄期高功能及低功能孤独症儿童中均非常常见。高功能孤独症患儿较低功能孤独症患儿具有更多的情绪行为障碍、较轻的孤独症症状、更多的精神科用药史,总体功能优于低功能孤独症患儿

关键词: 儿童, 孤独症, 高功能, 低功能, 共患病, 横断面研究

Abstract:

Abstract: Objective To investigate the occurrence of comorbidity in school-aged children with high-functioning and low-functioning autism disorder. Methods Sixty-two outpatients in Peking University Institute of Mental Health, aged 6 to 16 years old, meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition(DSM-IV) visiting the hospital for autism were included in this cross-sectional study from September 2011 to November 2011. They were assessed with the self-made general condition questionnaire and Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM),Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and Peabody picture vocabulary test(PPVT) were performed for patients who could not perform WISC test). Kiddie-Sade-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) , Child-Global Assessment Scale(C-GAS )and Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) were also performed. Results The lifetime prevalence and current prevalence of comorbidity in high-functioning autism(HFA) group(IQ≥70)were 100%(29/29) and 96.5%(28/29) respectively. The lifetime prevalence and current prevalence of comorbidity in low-functioning autism(LFA) group(IQ<70)were all 100%(33/33). The lifetime prevalence and current prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and tic disorders in high-functioning autism group were higher those of low-functioning autism group (all P<0.05). High-functioning autism group had more psychiatric medication taking history and poor development history, higher current percentage of attending school,and lower CARS score and higher C-GAS score than low-functioning autism group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Comorbidity in school-aged children with high-functioning and low-functioning autism disorder are very common. Children with high-functioning autism disorder have more emotional and behavior disorders, milder symptoms of autism, more psychiatric medication taking history, and higher overall function than children with low-functioning autism disorder.

Key words: child, autism, high function, low function, comorbidity, cross-sectional studies

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