关键词: 儿童, 肺血管疾病, 先天性肺血管病, 肺血管栓塞, 肺血管炎, 肺动脉高压, 血管源性肿瘤

Abstract: Pulmonary vascular diseases are a group of diseases involving all levels of pulmonary arteries，veins and pulmonary capillaries of pulmonary circulation. It has different pathogenic factors and pathological characteristics. There are significant differences between children’s and adults’ pulmonary vascular diseases in terms of pathogenic factors，pathogenesis，pathophysiology，clinical manifestations and prognosis. Pediatric pulmonary vascular diseases include：1. congenital pulmonary vascular malformation，including pulmonary arteriovenous malformation，pulmonary capillary dysplasia，tracheobronchial malformation with pulmonary vascular malformation and vascular lymphangiopathy，etc；2. pulmonary embolism including inflammatory embolism and tumor embolism；3. pulmonary vasculitis；4. pulmonary hypertension；5. pulmonary angiogenic tumor. The common imaging examination methods of pediatric pulmonary vascular diseases are chest X-ray plain film，ultrasonic echocardiography，chest CT enhanced scan，pulmonary angiography，radionuclide ventilation and perfusion lung scan，etc. In this paper，the evaluation of imaging examinations and the key points of imaging diagnosis in the above-mentioned pediatric pulmonary vascular diseases are summarized.

Key words: child, pulmonary vascular disease, congenital pulmonary vascular diseases, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension, angiogenic tumor