中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志

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毛细支气管炎的病原学及临床流行病学特征

  

  1. 1. 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院  儿科学国家重点学科儿科重大疾病研究教育部重点实验室  国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心，北京  100045；2.首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院  北京市儿科研究所  儿科学国家重点学科儿科重大疾病研究教育部重点实验室  国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心  儿童呼吸道感染性疾病研究北京市重点实验室，北京  100045
  • 出版日期:2019-09-06 发布日期:2019-10-13

Etiology and clinical epidemiological characteristics of bronchiolitis

  1. *China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases，Department of Respiratory Medicine， Beijing Children’s Hospital， Capital Medical University， National Center for Children’s Health， Beijing  100045， China
  • Online:2019-09-06 Published:2019-10-13

摘要：

毛细支气管炎是婴幼儿常见的急性下呼吸道感染性疾病。毛细支气管炎主要由病毒感染引起，其中呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）最常见，肺炎支原体、 肺炎衣原体、沙眼衣原体等感染也可引起毛细支气管炎。毛细支气管炎主要发生于 2 岁以下婴幼儿，发病高峰年龄为 2～6 月龄。毛细支气管炎是导致婴儿住院的最常见原因，6月龄以下的婴儿入院率最高。由于毛细支气管炎主要是 RSV 感染所致，所以其季节特征与当地RSV的流行特征相似。毛细支气管炎是一种发病率高但病死率低的疾病。年龄＜3月龄、早产儿、先天性心脏病等是重症毛细支气管炎的危险因素。

关键词: 毛细支气管炎, 病原学, 流行病学, 危险因素

Abstract:

Bronchiolitis is an acute lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood. Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV） is the most common etiology of bronchiolitis. Infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae，Chlamydia pneumonia and Chlamydia trachomatis can also cause bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis mainly occurs in infants under 2 years of age，with a peak age of 2 to 6 months. Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization in infants，and infants under 6 months of age have the highest hospitalization rate. Since bronchiolitis is mainly caused by RSV infection，its seasonal characteristics are similar to those of local RSV infection. Bronchiolitis is a disease with a high incidence but a low mortality rate. Being less than 3 months，prematurity，congenital heart disease and so on are risk factors of severe bronchiolitis.

Key words: bronchiolitis, etiology, epidemiology, risk factor