关键词: 肺部感染, 病原学, 呼吸介入技术, 儿科

Abstract: Lung infection is the major cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The key to successful diagnosis and treatment of lung infections， especially severe lung infections， is to find the etiology and to treat with antimicrobial drugs for the targeted microorganism. The modern pediatric respiratory intervention techniques can obtain not only the liquid specimen of bronchial lung lesions，but also intratracheal tissue specimens and lung tissue specimens. The sampling through these microscopic respiratory intervention techniques combined with navigation technology will be more accurate and safe. With the advance of pathogenic microbiological detection technology，a clear diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms in pediatric lung infection would be more likely to be obtained. Therefore，modern pediatric interventional pulmonologists must be familiar with and master these pediatric respiratory intervention techniques and their advantages and disadvantages in the detection of pediatric pulmonary infection etiology，and the correct choice can be made in the clinical decision-making.

Key words: lung infection, etiology, respiratory intervention technology, pediatrics