中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志

• 专题笔谈 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗组胺H1受体药在儿童过敏性鼻炎的临床应用

  

  1. 国家儿童医学中心  复旦大学附属儿科医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，上海  201102
  • 出版日期:2019-03-06 发布日期:2019-07-03

Clinical application of H1 antihistamines in children with allergic rhinitis

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery， Children’s Hospital of Fudan University， Shanghai  201102， China
  • Online:2019-03-06 Published:2019-07-03

摘要：

儿童过敏性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis， AR）的发病率逐年增高，抗组胺H1受体药可通过阻断组胺与H1受体的结合而起到控制变态反应性疾病的作用。第二代抗组胺H1受体药与H1受体的结合更稳定，有更好的特异性，几乎不通过血脑屏障，中枢抑制作用低，毒蕈碱样副反应少，作用时间长，且能有效地改善鼻部和眼部的症状，是治疗儿童AR的一线药物。目前尚缺乏客观的检测手段来评估抗组胺药物的有效性和安全性，所以儿童用药剂量应按体重调整，选择合适的剂型，并注意年龄限制，剂量品种应尽量个体化并应用合理的疗程。

关键词: 儿童, 过敏性鼻炎, 抗组胺H1受体药, 第二代抗组胺H1受体药

Abstract:

The incidence of allergic rhinitis in children increases year by year，and H1 antihistamines play a role in the control of allergic diseases by blocking the binding of histamine and H1 receptor. The second-generation H1 antihistamines have more stable binding，better specificity，lower central inhibitory effect and longer action time，and can effectively improve the symptoms of the nose and eyes，which is the first-line drug for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. At present，there aren’t objective testing methods to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of antihistamines. Therefore，the dosage for children should be adjusted according to body weight，appropriate dosage forms should be selected，age limit should be paid attention to，dosage varieties should be individualized as far as possible，and reasonable course of treatment should be applied.

Key words: child, allergic rhinitis, H1 antihistamines, the second generation of H1 antihistamines