关键词: 肝细胞癌, 肝移植, 米兰标准, 靶向治疗, 免疫治疗

Abstract: With the continuous updating of treatment methods and diagnostic concepts for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)，the selection of HCC liver transplant recipients and the evaluation of downgrading efficacy are increasingly focusing on the biological characteristics of tumors. At the same time，the exploration of multiple targeted therapies and immunotherapy schemes (referred to as target immunotherapy) before and after transplantation is gradually deepening. However，due to the diversity of targets and the specificity of liver transplantation，the effectiveness of target immunotherapy before and after transplantation still needs to be verified by more high-quality clinical studies，and its safety also needs to be closely monitored and deeply explored. In the future，optimizing recipient selection criteria and reducing treatment strategies will become a research focus in the field of liver transplantation for HCC. In the rapidly developing "target immunotherapy era" of HCC diagnosis and treatment，the trend of liver transplantation for HCC will focus on the transplantation standards of tumor biology and the comprehensive downgrading treatment of multiple treatment methods. With the improvement of comprehensive treatment strategies and the continuous innovation of liver transplantation standards，more and more patients will benefit from it.

Key words: hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, Milan criteria, targeted therapy, immunotherapy