关键词: 局部进展期直肠癌, 新辅助免疫治疗, 等待观察, 经肛全直肠系膜切除

Abstract: The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and total mesorectal excision (TME) has become the standard treatment for locally advanced mid-low rectal cancer. Along with the progress in the concept of multimodality therapy, the improvement in surgical techniques, and especially the upgradation in patients’ requirement for survival quality, transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME), optimization of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and watch and wait strategy have gradually become the key issues in synthetic therapy for locally advanced mid-low rectal cancer. Based on these new concepts, methods, and technologies in clinical research and practice, an increasing number of locally advanced mid-low rectal cancer patients achieve oncological regression or even complete tumor remission through preoperative treatment and obtain the opportunity to preserve the rectum without surgery or receive curative anal preservation surgery, further promoting the development of individualized and precise diagnosis and treatment models for locally advanced mid-low rectal cancer.

Key words: locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant immunotherapy, watch and wait, transanal total mesorectal excision