关键词: 低位直肠癌, 免疫治疗, 手术

Abstract: Traditional surgery is the main method for rectal cancer treatment, and with the continuously deepening application of immunotherapy to the field of rectal cancer treatment, the way, the means, and even the concept of treating low rectal cancer are gradually evolving. For low rectal cancer patients with MSI-H/dMMR, immunotherapy has shown a high response rate and potential long-term efficacy. Although the response rate of immunotherapy in MSS/pMMR tumors is low, with the continuous deepening of research, including the combined application of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, etc., as well as the emergence of more sensitive drugs and biomarkers in the future, the efficacy of immunotherapy will continue to improve so that more patients can obtain tumor regression. These results will also affect the surgical strategy for low rectal cancer, ultimately achieving the reduction of surgical trauma, the increased rate of anal preservation and organ preservation, and improved life quality and prognosis. Despite challenges, such as how to select a suitable population, how to accurately evaluate efficacy, the uncertainty in long-term efficacy, treatment resistance, and immunotherapy-related side effects, immunotherapy still has a broad application prospect in the treatment of low rectal cancer and is expected to bring more personalized and effective treatment options for patients.

Key words: low rectal cancer, immunotherapy, surgery