关键词: 肝胆管结石, 胆道镜, 经皮经肝胆道镜

Abstract: Several problems worth paying attention to in the endoscopic treatment of hepatolithiasis        FENG Qiu-shi.Peking University First Hospital， Beijing 100034， China
Abstract    Hepatolithiasis is still a common clinical disease in China. The high residual stone rate, high recurrence rate, and high reoperation rate of hepatolithiasis are still difficult problems in biliary surgery. Because hepatolithiasis is often combined with hepatic duct stenosis, recurrent cholangitis, and advanced development to cirrhosis portal hypertension, and is an important factor in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma, diagnosis and treatment are very difficult. Although regular segmentalization and lobectomy are the preferred methods for the treatment of hepatolithiasis, in recent years, a series of advances and breakthroughs have been made in the field of minimally invasive treatment of hepatolithiasis, but some hepatolithiasis is still difficult to completely remove by surgery. It involves many minimally invasive technologies such as laparoscopy, robotic surgical system, and endoscopy, among which endoscopic technology also plays an important role, making up for the deficiency of surgical treatment alone,  and bringing more options for the treatment of patients with inoperable liver resection or patients with residual cirrhosis and/or recurrent stones after multiple operations. The wide application of endoscopic technology has injected new vitality into the treatment of hepatolithiasis, making the treatment of hepatolithiasis more diversified.

Key words: hepatolithiasis, cholangioscopy, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy