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15 November 2013, Volume 6 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Invisible aligner technique without brackets. CHEN Song，TIAN Jie 2013, 5(11): 641-643.  Abstract ( )   PDF (903KB) ( )   Abstract：This article introduced the production technology process of clear removable appliances and the clinical application process of invisible aligner technique. The production technology process includes the following aspects：canning silicone rubber impressions or plaster dental models to acquire a computerized composite dental model，using CAD/CAM technology to simulate treatment planning and fabricate resin model，and applying thermoplastic technology to fabricate clear removable appliance. The main steps of clinical application process are physical examination，case upload，computerized plan confirm， appliance fabricate，appliance wearing，occlusion refinement，finally，treatment finishing and occlusion maintenance.

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Client software of clear aligner technique： Principle and application. XIONG Hui，CAO Yang 2013, 5(11): 643-647.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2835KB) ( )   Abstract：Analog design in software is a very important part of clear aligner technique，and is also a distinctive characteristic which is different from traditional orthodontic technique. This article aims to illustrate the functions of the client software by the example of iortho 6.0，which is developed by Angel Align Company.

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The application of the attachment in clear removable thermoplastic appliances. GU Ze-xu，LI Bian-rong 2013, 5(11): 648-652.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2068KB) ( )   Abstract： In clear removable thermoplastic appliance attachments can be used for retention of the aligner as well as to enhance or facilitate specific tooth movements. This artice introduce in detail the definition，classification and clinic application of attachment，review the attachemnt relative study，show the recent attachemnt research result. The addition of attachments increases a tooth’s geometric mass and enhances the undercuts along a horizontal plane，which should aid tooth movement.

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Clinic supervision in the whole treatment process of invisible aligner technique. CHEN Song 2013, 5(11): 652-655.  Abstract ( )   PDF (891KB) ( )   Abstract：This article reviewed some special aspects in the visits of clear removable appliance treatment. The appraisal of tooth movement and compliance of the patients， the production of appliances，and supervision of attachment were discussed in details in this article， as well as the supervision of interproximal reduction. The importance of clinic supervision of the whole treatment process by orthodontist was concluded.

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Indication of invisible orthodontics. CHEN Dan-peng 2013, 5(11): 655-660.  Abstract ( )   PDF (6099KB) ( )   Abstract：Patient compliance is crucial in orthodontic treatment，and this is especially true for clear aligner treatment. Due to the material characteristic of the clear aligner，patients with short clinic tooth crown beyond the applicability. Clinically，we classify patients by clear aligner treatment complexity as mild，moderate and extreme. Assuredly，the lower the complexity，the better the management outcome will be attainted.

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The application of improved technique of super-rigidity slices to the research of the titanium implant-bone interface. WU Xiu-ping*，LI Bing，FENG Yun-xia，YAN Xiao-ping 2013, 5(11): 661-663.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1075KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the key steps and matters needing attention in the application of improved technique of super-rigidity slices to research of titanium implant-bone interface. Methods The specimens of implant-bone were collected，super-rigidity slices made by Leica 1600（German） were examined by staining. Results The 60～80 μm sections could be obtained with the methods of this study. The histological characteristics of implant-bone interface are observed easily. Conclusion The improved techniques in super-rigidity slices provided a good method for the research of implant-bone interface.

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Detection and study of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. TAN Li-si*，WANG Hong-yan，ZHAO Hai-jiao，PAN Ya-ping，KANG Jian 2013, 5(11): 664-667.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1033KB) ( )   Fusobacterium nucleatum；acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease；periodontitis

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A clinical study of FR II appliance in early treatment of Class Ⅱ1 malocclusion. FENG Cui-juan，TIAN Yu-lou，JIN Jie，ZHAO Zhen-jin，HOU Zhi-ming，ZHANG Yang 2013, 5(11): 668-671.  Abstract ( )   PDF (940KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the clinical effect of function regulatorⅡ （FRⅡ） appliances in the treatment of skeletal Class Ⅱ1 malocclusion. Methods Totally 26 child patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ1 malocclusion were treated with FR Ⅱ appliances. Cephalometric radiographs were taken and analyzed at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Paired T-test was used to determine if there were significant differences by SPSS 13.0. Results After a treatment by FRⅡ，the growth of the mandible was stimulated. Overbite，overjet，ANB（°） and lip protrusion decreased significantly（P < 0.05），while SNB（°） and L1-MP（°） increased significantly（P < 0.05）. Conclusion FRⅡ appliances is fit for the early orthodontic treatment of skeletal ClassⅡ1 malocclusion. A harmonious relationship between upper and lower jaws and a better profile can be obtained．

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The study of marginal microleakage of filling materials in vitro. SUN Pei，YU Xiao-fei，ZHANG Hui，ZHAO Hong-Mei 2013, 5(11): 672-675.  Abstract ( )   PDF (888KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To compare the marginal microleakage of four filling materials and provide an experimental evidence for clinical application. Methods Sixty freshly extracted human molars were randomly divided into six groups（10 molars in each group）. A group（A1，A2）was filled with FiltekTM Z250，B1 group was filled with KetacTM N100 and B4 with F2000 Compomer，the last two groups （B2，B3）were respectively filled with KetacTM Molar Easymix. A2 group was coated with Adper Single Bond 2，and B3 group with vaseline. After thermal cycling， the depth that dye penetrated was measured between the restorations and the tooth structure. Statiscal analysis was done. Results Restorative A2 group had the least microleakage（P < 0.05）. The microleakage of KetacTM Molar Easymix（B2） was more than other materials（P < 0.05）. Significant differences were observed between A2， B2 and other four groups （A1，B1，B3，B4）. There was no difference among B1，B3，B4 and A1 specimens（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The two protective agents can incerease the edge closeness of glass ionomer cement filling. It may be most beneficial to use resin-modified glass-ionomer，polyacid modified resin composites and resin compsites as the restorative material.

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Detection of vertical root fractures of endodontically treated teeth by cone beam computed tomography versus digital radiography. ZHANG Hai-ying*，YAN Bo，CHU Jin-pu，CAO Xuan-ping，XU Li，JIANG Wen-hui 2013, 5(11): 676-678.  Abstract ( )   PDF (943KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To assess the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in comparison with digital radiography for detecting simulated complete vertical root fractures and imcomplete vertical root fractures in extracted human teeth. Methods Sixty teeth were endodontically prepared and divided into 3 groups，2 experimental and 1 control. The teeth in experimental groups were artificially fractured and fixed together with 20 complete VRFs （group one）and 20 imcomplete VRFs（group two）. Twenty teeth in control group were kept intact（group three）. Three observers evaluated the digital radiagraphs and CBCT images in terms of accuracy for VRFs detection. Results The overall accuracy for detecting VRFs was significantly higher for CBCT compared with the digital radiagraphs （P < 0.05）. The Fisher analysis showed no significant difference between complete RVFs and imcomplete RVFs for CBCT（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The CBCT technique has higher accuracy than 2-D radiography for in vitro dignosis of VRFs；we can use CBCT to detect early VRFs.

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Surgical timing for mandibular fracture：a preliminary study. SUN Hong-yi*，DAI Yan-ping，GONG Yu-hua 2013, 5(11): 679-681.  Abstract ( )   PDF (848KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To explore the correlation of the surgical timing for mandibular fracture with the rate of postoperative complications. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 61 mandibular fracture patients from 2007 to 2012. All patients were classified by different surgical timing after injury. Three major complications，including infection，malunion and nonunion，were selected and then logistic regression and analysis of variance were performed. Results Five in all 61 patients were with postoperative complications，including infection and malunion，while no patient was with nonunion. Logistical regression revealed the odds of delayed surgery on all complications were 0.61（P = 0.12），on infection 0.82（P = 0.39），on malunion 0.61（P = 0.12）. F-test demonstrated no significant difference of time to fixation in each two complications. Conclusion There is no association between surgical timing and postoperative complications，while a loose trend toward lower rate of complications with delayed surgery does exist.

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Cytotoxicity experiment in vitro of two kinds of self-made nickel-chromium ceramic alloy containing titanium.        KANG Xiao-Yan*，ZHAN De-song. 2013, 5(11): 682-684.  Abstract ( )   PDF (879KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To test the cytotoxicity of two kinds of self-made nickel-chromium ceramic alloy containing titanium. Methods From May 2009 to Dec. 2009 in the Centric Lab. of China Medical University the test was performed. After mixing the maceration extraction of the materials with the cultures of L-929 cells，we evaluated cytotoxicity by using tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Results The cytotoxicity of the two kinds of self-made nickel-chromium ceramic alloy was stronger than that of pure Ti，and weaker than that of Ni-Cr alloy. Conclusion The self-made nickel-chromium ceramic alloy containing titanium meet the clinical requirement and has better biocompatibility than the currently clinically commonly used alloy.

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Experimental study on micro-titanium nail stability of magnetic attachment of micro-titanium plate. LI Zhen-chun，HAN Ri-he， XING Wen-zhong. 2013, 5(11): 685-687.  Abstract ( )   PDF (920KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate that the retentive force of the micro-titanium nails can satiate the clinical appliance requirements of the full overdenture. Methods Two piece of the micro-titanium nails with 2 mm in diameter and 5mm in length were parallel screwed into modified and freshly isolated pig mandibles. The fixed micro-titanium plates were placed into the trench. The trench was fixed on a base of electronic universal testing machine. The specimens were loaded in tensile at crosshead rate of 1mm/min with a 1000N in frame. Results The maximum tensile strength among the groups is 564.25N, the minimum is 441.08 N，and the average is（513.15±44.92）N. Conclusion The maximum tensile strength of the micro-titanium plate and micro-titanium nail system is much higher than the attraction of magnetic attachment and the maximum occlusal force which is met when patients are chewing food with complete denture，it could satiate the clinical appliance requirements of the full overdenture.

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Analysis of systemic risk factors related to chronic periodontitis. SONG Jia，PAN Ya-ping 2013, 5(11): 693-696.  Abstract ( )   PDF (887KB) ( )   Abstract：Chronic periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by mixed oral bacterias. It can cause periodontal tissue destruction，eventually leading to tooth loss and affecting chewing function. A variety of complex factors can affect periodontal disease occurrence，development and prognosis，in which systemic factors have important meaning in the development of the disease changes and clinical treatment guidance. This article will briefly describe systemic risk factors associated with chronic periodontitis.

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Application of forensic dentistry. LI Bing*，LIU Hong-chen 2013, 5(11): 697-700.  Abstract ( )   PDF (886KB) ( )   Abstract： Forensic dentistry is the application of dental knowledge to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. Forensic dentistry mainly contains：identification of found human remains and mass fatalities；assessment of bite mark injuries and cases of abuse，age estimation and civil cases involving malpractice. The paper made a review of current application of forensic dentistry