Abstract: Alveolar bone resorption is an important clinical manifestation of periodontitis. Persistent bone loss will ultimately lead to loosening and loss of teeth and affect the life quality of patients. Increased formation and enhanced activity of osteoclasts are the premise of alveolar bone resorption. The regulation of osteoclasts by host immune response caused by plaque microorganisms is the main factor influencing alveolar bone resorption. B cells are the main immune effector cells in periodontal inflammation and play a predominant role in inflammatory periodontal tissues. Studies have shown that different B-cell subsets have different regulatory effects on osteoclasts in periodontal inflammation. This article reviewed the regulatory effects of different B-cell subsets，including plasma cells，memory B cells，B-1 cells，and regulatory B cells，on osteoclasts and the mechanisms，which will provide favorable clues to the immunotherapy for periodontitis patients.

Key words: periodontal inflammation, B cells, osteoclasts, receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand, RANKL, alveolar bone resorption

摘要： 牙槽骨吸收是牙周炎的重要临床表现，持续性骨丧失最终会引起牙齿的松动和脱落，影响患者的生活质量。破骨细胞形成增多及活性增强是牙槽骨吸收的前提，由菌斑微生物所引起的宿主免疫反应对破骨细胞的调控作用是牙槽骨吸收的主要影响因素。B细胞是牙周炎症状态下主要的免疫效应细胞，在炎性牙周组织中占据主导地位。研究表明，牙周炎症状态下不同B细胞亚群对破骨细胞的调控作用不尽相同。文章就浆细胞、记忆B细胞、B-1细胞和调节性B细胞等不同B细胞亚群对破骨细胞的调控作用及其机制予以综述，为牙周炎患者免疫治疗提供有利的线索。

关键词: 牙周炎症, B细胞, 破骨细胞, 核因子κB受体活化因子配体, 牙槽骨吸收