Abstract: Long-term studies have shown that innate immunity and acquired immunity play a vital role in the process of host's resistance to invasion by foreign microorganisms，and in this process，it will also cause damage to the host's own tissues or organs. Bone system is one of them. In some diseases，such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis，the response of immune system not only plays the role of removing foreign pathogenic bacteria，but causes the destruction of bone system. For a long time，most of the researches have been devoted to understanding the mechanism of the destruction of bone tissue by the immune system. In recent years，some of the researches have begun to explore the reaction of bone to the immune system，which leads to a new research field--osteoimmunology. This review summarizes the research progress in recent years concerning the mechanism of osteoimmunology，functioning pathways of immunization and bone resorption，and the mechanism of action of related diseases in oral cavity.

Key words: osteoimmunology, osteoblast, osteoclast, oral diseases

摘要： 长期以来的研究表明先天免疫和后天免疫在宿主抵御外来微生物入侵的过程中起着至关重要的作用，而在这过程中也会同时造成宿主自身的组织或器官的损害。骨骼系统就是其中之一，在一些诸如类风湿性关节炎、牙周炎等疾病中，免疫系统的反应不仅起到去除外来致病菌的作用，还会同时造成骨骼系统的破坏。长期以来大部分的研究都致力于了解免疫系统对骨组织破坏的机制，而近些年来有研究开始探究骨反作用于免疫系统，由此衍生出了一个全新的研究领域——骨免疫。文章从骨免疫的机制、免疫与骨吸收作用通路以及在口腔相关疾病的作用机制等方面总结了近些年来相关的研究进展。

关键词: 骨免疫, 成骨细胞, 破骨细胞, 口腔疾病