关键词: 口腔医学生, 牙周实习, 口内9张规范照片, 口腔数码摄影, 教学

Abstract: Objective    To analyze common issues and reasons for inadequate capture of nine standardized intraoral photographs during clinical periodontal internship of dental students. Methods    Fifty sets of nine standardized intraoral photographs were collected from 28 eight-year program dental students at the College of Stomatology，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，from the 2018 cohort，during their clinical internship in periodontology. The occurrence rates of 10 common photographing issues were calculated. Further analysis was conducted on issues with occurrence rates ≥ 50%. Results    The occurrence rates of common photographing issues，from highest to lowest，were as follows：coexistence of actual and mirror images：80.0%（40/50）；failure to capture direct frontal view：74.0%（37/50）；incomplete removal of saliva：56.0%（28/50）；incorrect cropping：56.0%（28/50）；insufficient retraction of lips for anterior teeth：52.0%（26/50）；reflection of mirror edges in image：50.0%（25/50）；insufficient gingival exposure：46.0%（23/50）；excessive brightness or darkness：36.0%（18/50）；incomplete capture of teeth：34.0%（17/50）；fogging/saliva/stains on mirror：34.0%（17/50）. Coexistence of actual and mirror images primarily occurred in the posterior teeth region，mainly mirror images coexisting with actual images of tooth/gum or lips/cheeks；failure to capture direct frontal views mainly included midline deviation，lingual/palatal side occlusal surface capture，and posterior teeth captured too mesially；incomplete removal of saliva was predominantly observed on tooth surfaces，interdental spaces，and the floor of the mouth；errors in cropping primarily involved failure to remove actual image and mirror edge；the most common occurrence of insufficient retraction of lips for anterior teeth was in the palatal side images；the reflection of the mirror edge primarily occurred in lingual-side images of the posterior teeth. Conclusion    There are many problems with the nine standardized intraoral photographs taken by dental students in the periodontal clinical internship. During teaching，it is necessary to emphasize the correct methods of mirror placement，lip traction and framing during shooting. Before taking photos，emphasis should be placed on removing saliva on tooth surfaces，interdental spaces，and the floor of the mouth. After photography，it is crucial to stress the standard of photo cropping.

Key words: dental students, periodontal internship, nine standardized intraoral photographs, digital dental photography, teaching