关键词: 牙齿萌出, 牙齿脱落, 萌出与脱落异常, 遗传因素, 局部因素, 错??畸形

Abstract: The eruption and exfoliation of teeth are important physiological processes during children′s growth and development，with certain individual variations in timing and sequence. However，when the eruption or exfoliation time deviates significantly from the normal range，abnormal eruption sequence occurs，and clinical manifestations such as tooth impaction，ectopia，and occlusal disorders are common. Abnormal eruption and exfoliation of teeth indicate that patients may have local or systemic etiologies，as well as pathological mechanisms affecting normal eruption and exfoliation. Such abnormalities not only impact children′s masticatory function，occlusal development，maxillofacial bone development and aesthetics，but may also be the oral manifestations of certain genetic or systemic diseases. This article aims to systematically summarize the complex etiologies of abnormal eruption and exfoliation of teeth in children，explore their pathological mechanisms in depth，and provide clinicians with a reference for the early identification，accurate diagnosis，and comprehensive treatment of the abnormal eruption and exfoliation of teeth in children based on current clinical practice.

Key words: tooth eruption, tooth exfoliation, abnormal eruption and exfoliation, genetic factors, local factors, malocclusion