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02 October 2022, Volume 38 Issue 10 Previous Issue   

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Clinical consultation on common fetal appendage anomalies. CHEN Qian 2022, 38(10): 965-968.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100102 Abstract ( )   Fetal appendages  encompass all the tissues which support fetal development，including the placenta，amniotic fluid，umbilical cord and placental membrane.The abnormality of fetal annexes with structure and function  will increase the risk for maternal and fetus. It is necessary to need clinical consultations.

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Clinical consultations on fetal cardiac abnormalities. LI Jun, GAO Wei-lun, ZHU Ting, XU Peng 2022, 38(10): 968-971.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100103 Abstract ( )   Fetal congenital heart diseases（FCHD）are the most common structural malformations in fetuses. When FCHD is clearly diagnosed during prenatal life，the key is to avoid birth to fetuses with untreatable FCHD and to prevent unnecessary induction of labor in the case of favourable prognosis. An essential step to achieve this goal is to implement the integrated prenatal and postnatal management，and the perinatal monitoring and guidance，appropriate clinical consultations and genetic tests should be provided. An emergency operation fast track for critically ill fetuses or newborns should also be established.

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Clinical consultation on common fetal central nervous system anomalies. LI Sheng-li, LUO Dan-dan 2022, 38(10): 971-977.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100104 Abstract ( )   Fetal central nervous system anomalies are common congenital birth defects and important contents in prenatal examination and consultation. The paper introduced the prenatal ultrasound examinations of CNS，including the planes，techniques，methods and structures for first-trimester screening，second-trimester screening and targeted examinations. The anomalies were divided into three categories according to the overall prognosis of CNS：lethal anomalies，non-lethal anomalies，and soft markers or minor anomalies. Information on prenatal diagnosis strategies，associated abnormalities，genetic evaluation and prognosis of common CNS anomalies were elaborated，including exencephaly-anencephaly sequence，alobar holoprosencephaly，Dandy Walker malformation，agenesis of the corpus callosum，arachnoid cyst，choroid plexus cyst and mild ventriculomegaly.

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linical diagnosis and intervention of fetal skeleton anomalies.  GU Xun-ke, WEI Yuan 2022, 38(10): 977-981.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100105 Abstract ( )   Fetal skeleton anomalies is a common birth defect，including fetal malformations of partial limbs and fetal skeletal dysplasia. This article reviews the imaging and genetic diagnosis of fetal skeleton anomalies，the imaging characteristics of common skeletal system abnormalities and clinical intervention measures in order to provide clinical reference.

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Clinical consultation on fetal head and face anomalies. ZHAO Jing-ya, ZHOU Yi 2022, 38(10): 981-985.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100106 Abstract ( )   Fetal head and face anomalies are common structural abnormalities.In this paper，we discussed the common fetal head and face abnormalities，including cleft lip and palate，micrognathia，auricular malformation，megaglossia，eye malformation，thickening nuchal translucency and nuchal cystic hygroma concerning the classification and incidence， imaging diagnosis， etiology， clinical treatment and prognosis， in order to provide reference for clinical decision and consultation.

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Clinical diagnosis and consultation of fetal abdominal masses.  ZHOU Ying, LU Jing, ZHENG Kai-xin 2022, 38(10): 985-989.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100107 Abstract ( )   Fetal abdominal masses detected by prenatal ultrasound should be considered as either neoplastic or non-neoplastic masses. The location of the masses，echo properties，Doppler flow，calcification type（focal or isolated）and whether they are accompanied by other structural malformations should be examined in detail. Interventional prenatal diagnosis should be conducted if necessary. Abdominal solid masses should be considered as fetal tumors，though rare，usually originating from liver and retroperitoneal organs. Abdominal cyst usually originates from the reproductive system，followed by the digestive system. When ultrasound diagnosis is unclear，fetal MRI should be considered to assist diagnosis. According to the location and severity of the abdominal masses，prenatal and postpartum management strategies can be formulated by multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment team.

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Clinical consultation and management of isolated fetal pleural effusion and ascites. YANG Ying-jun, SUN Lu-ming 2022, 38(10): 989-992.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100108 Abstract ( )   Isolated fetal pleural effusion and ascites are rare in prenatal period，and are generally divided into two types：primary and secondary.The occurrence of primary fetal pleural effusion and ascites is mostly related to the abnormal development of lymphatic vessels，while the secondary causes are complicated and the prognosis is more diverse.This paper discusses the etiology，prenatal diagnosis，fetal medical consultation and management of isolated fetal pleural effusion and ascites.

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Application value of fetal echocardiography indications in prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. GU Xiao-yan, WANG Jing-yi, FAN Jia-qi, HE Yi-hua 2022, 38(10): 993-995.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2022100109 Abstract ( )   Accurate prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease（CHD）is the basis for the diagnosis of CHD-related genetic variation and related maternal diseases，and it is especially important for reducing neonatal mortality. However，the simple qualitative diagnosis based on ultrasound image features can't meet the needs of the accurate diagnosis of CHD. Multi-dimensional diagnosis of CHD is needed，including pathological changes caused by structural malformations，hemodynamics，detection of genetic and maternal diseases，and other accurate diagnosis，which is essential in establishing accurate clinical pathways and effective and timely treatment. This article summarizes and expounds the role of prenatal echocardiography indications in the accurate diagnosis of fetal CHD.