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02 March 2020, Volume 36 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Menopausal hormone therapy and menopausal symptoms. SHU Kuan-yong，DENG Wei-ping 2020, 36(3): 206-209.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030105 Abstract ( )   Menopause is an inevitable process in women's lives.Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency due to hypoovarian function will cause vasomotor symptoms，neuropsychiatric symptoms，and genitourinary atrophy.Diseases such as osteoporosis，cardiovascular disease and dementia can occur in the late menopause.These symptoms and diseases related to menopause severely affect the quality of life and physical and mental health of postmenopausal women.Menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective way to treat menopausal symptoms and prevent related diseases.This article aims to elaborate on menopause symptoms and further explore the value of menopausal hormone therapy.

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Menopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease. LIU Yan-hua，YANG Xin 2020, 36(3): 209-212.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030106 Abstract ( )   Menopause increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.Menopause hormone therapy can not only effectively relieve symptoms such as menopause vasomotor，but also improve the intermediate indicators of cardiovascular disease development，so as to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in perimenopausal women.A number of clinical studies have shown that the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases have decreased for healthy women who start hormone therapy in perimenopausal period within 10 years after menopause and below 60 years old.At present，there is still a lack of conclusive evidence that MHT can improve the diagnosed heart disease.Therefore，MHT is not recommended for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease，nor is it for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.

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Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. RUAN Xiang-yan，ZHANG Ling-yan 2020, 36(3): 213-217.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030107 Abstract ( )   It is well known that breast cancer is a hormone-dependent tumor and the most common malignancy in women worldwide.Although menopause is a natural phenomenon，it can cause many pathological results，seriously affect women's quality of life，and increase the occurrence of various chronic diseases.Menopausal hormone replacement therapy（MHT）is one of the most effective treatments for menopausal symptoms，but hormone and breast cancer risk is the most feared issue for most women.The relationship between hormones and breast cancer has been controversial for decades，with the initial women's health initiative（WHI）results published in 2002 reporting an overall increased risk of breast cancer; A recent  research has found that MHT，in addition to vaginal estrogen，is associated with an additional risk of breast cancer，which steadily increases over time.Compared with estrogen，estrogen-progesterone has a greater risk.This article will focus on MHT and breast cancer risk.

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Menopausal hormone therapy and gynecological malignancy. ZHANG Yao，MA Ying 2020, 36(3): 217-221.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030108 Abstract ( )   With the aging of the population，peole have been increasindy concerned about the diseases caused by the lack of estrogen after menopause.At the same time，as the population with gynecological malignant tumors tends to be younger，various hypogynous problems due to iatrogenic menopause caused by tumor treatment seriously affect the quality of life of patients.Since women expect to have high quality of life while having their life prolonged，postmenopausal hormone therapy（Menopausal hormone therapy MHT）is an effective treatment.To clarify the relationship between MHT and gynecological malignant tumors and to choose the best individual treatment plan for MHT will be the key to the successful use of MHT.

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Menopause hormone therapy and cognition. WANG Yan，REN Mu-lan 2020, 36(3): 221-224.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030109 Abstract ( )   The pathogenesis of gender differences in Alzheimer's disease is complicated.The impact of menopausal hormone therapy on cognition is uncertain.In terms of overall health benefits，the benefits of hormone therapy initiated in the therapeutic window for menopausal women far outweigh the risks，and there is no reason for denying menopausal hormone therapy because of undetermined risks.

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Menopause hormone therapy and arteriovenous thromboembolism diseases. SHI Hui-rong，LI Xue-ru 2020, 36(3): 224-227.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030110 Abstract ( )   Menopause hormone therapy（MHT）is an effective therapeutic measure for climacteric symptoms.A large number of studies have shown that MHT is effective in relieving symptoms，but it also carries certain risks.The risk of arteriovenous thromboembolic diseases including venous embolism，pulmonary embolism and stroke may be increased.The administration of different kinds of hormones in different ways has different effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis system of the body.Therefore，the risk of thromboembolic diseases varies with different dose，initiation time，duration，route，regimens and progesterone types.Individualized menopausal hormone therapy should be used to prevent or reduce its related risks.

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Evaluation of benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy for the women with premature ovarian insufficiency. CAO Jin-xiang，WU Jie 2020, 36(3): 227-230.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030111 Abstract ( )   Premature ovarian insufficiency（POI）is a clinical syndrome of decreased ovarian activity in women before the age of 40 years old，characterized by menstrual disorders with high gonadotropin and low estrogen.The women with POI may have hot flashes，night sweats and other menopausal symptoms，and they may have osteoporosis，cardiovascular diseases and other problems in the long term.Hormone replacement therapy（HRT）is an effective treatment for patients with POI.We will analyze and evaluate the benefits and possible potential risks of HRT in women with POI.

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Menopausal hormone therapy and osteoporosis. PENG Hong-fa，YAN Xiao-nan 2020, 36(3): 230-233.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2020030112 Abstract ( )   Menopausal hormone therapy （MHT）is the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms and the genito-urinary syndrome of menopause.In addition，MHT has significant effect in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Prevention or treatment of osteoporosis has been included as one of the indications of MHT in the guidelines formulated by the International Menopause Society and the Chinese menopause Society.However，estrogen has a wide range of physiological functions，and benefits and risks co-exist when it is used.Therefore，it is necessary to pay attention to the indications and contraindications of MHT in the prevention or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.