Abstract: Compared with premenopausal endometriosis，perimenopausal and postmenopausal endometriosis are often more under-recognized because of low incidence. The malignant potential of postmenopausal endometriosis has been widely known and supported by clinical evidence. Malignant transformation of endometriosis mostly occurs in the ovary，and a few are cancers related to endometriosis outside the ovary. The current treatment plan for endometriosis—associated ovarian cancer （EAOC）is still the same as that of ordinary epithelial ovarian cancer although EAOC has its special pathogenesis and clinical features.In recent years，great progress has been made in its molecular biological mechanism，which may predict the risk of malignant transformation to ovarian cancer，and influence the clinical decision. We may be able to design a risk assessment model for the malignant transformation of endometriosis and select appropriate individualized clinical strategies for patients with endometriosis.

Key words: endometriosis, perimenopausal, endometriosis-associated malignancy

摘要： 相较于绝经前子宫内膜异位症（简称内异症），由于发生率的降低，围绝经期和绝经后内异症往往更易被忽视。绝经后内异症的恶变潜能目前已被广泛认可并取得临床证据支持。内异症恶变多数发生在卵巢，少数为卵巢外的内异症相关癌。内异症相关卵巢癌（EAOC）具有其特殊的发病机制及临床特征，但其治疗方案仍然遵循普通上皮性卵巢癌治疗原则。近年来内异症恶变的分子生物学机制研究取得较大进展，对卵巢内异症女性进行基因检测可用于预测恶变为卵巢癌的风险，其结果可能会影响临床决策。我们或许可以设计内异症恶变风险评估模型，针对内异症患者选择适当的个体化临床决策。

关键词: 子宫内膜异位症, 围绝经期, 子宫内膜异位症相关癌变