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06 January 2006, Volume 21 Issue 01 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Molecular epidemiology of virus diarrhea among infants and young children in Lanzhou. Jin Yu,Huang Xiang,Fang Zhaoyin. 2006, 21(01): 15-18 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the etiologic characteristics of virus diarrhea through molecular epidemiology among infants and young children with acute diarrhea in Lanzhou.Methods271 cases were randomly selected from 624 stool specimens collected from both outpatients and inpatients with acute diarrhea at Department of Pediatrics of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University,from July 2003 to June 2003.Enzymelinked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) were used to detected rotavirus and human caliciviruses and astrovirus.ResultsRotavirus was detected in 153 of 271 specimens (56.46%).Genotyping of rotavirus showed that G3 was predominant (61.44%),followed by G2 (2.61%) and G9 (1.96%).Both G1 and G4 and mixed infections were not found.Only genotype P\[8\] ( 40.58%) was detected in Gpositive specimens.The most common combination of G and P was P\[8\]G3,followed by P\[8\]G9.Rotavirus infection appeared in autumn and winter,but the peaks in Lanzhou were in October and November,86.27% and 73.81% respectively.The highest infection rates of rotavirus were 57.38% and 63.33% in 6~23 months old children.The infection rate of human caliciviruses (HuCV) which occurred in 1~18 monthsold was 11.02%(13/118),and there were 11 cases of norovirus (NLV)and 2 cases of sapovirus (SLV)and no NLV G was found.The infection rate of astrovirus which occurred in 4~12 monthsold was 5.93%(7/118)，among which one case was combined with SLV and one with persisting diarrhea.Both HuCV and AstV were not obviously seasonal.ConclusionRotaviruses are the major etiological agent of diarrhea among infants and young children in Lanzhou and G3 is the predominant serotype.Both human caliciviruses and astrovirus are also one of the important etiological agents of virus diarrhea in Lanzhou.

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Relation of environment to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Liu Wei，Xu Chundi，Xi Rongping 2006, 21(01): 19-21 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveWe determined the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among healthy children in different familial environments in Shanghai,and assessed the role of parental infection status in the transmission of H.pylori.Methods1119 healthy individuals (568 boys and 551girls,respectively) were selected from urban and rural schools in Shanghai.A commercial enzyme immunoassay test for IgG to H.pylori was used.Demographic,sociological and environmental data were collected by facetoface interviews using a standard questionnaire.ResultsThe incidence of infection was calculated to increase 3.28% annally in children between ages 7 to 12 years.Children were infected in earlier age whose parents were workers and peasants.The infection rate was higher in children whose parents were infected too.ConclusionThe infection is more prevalent in younger children of families in lower socioeconomic conditions.Improvement of living conditions may be effective for prevention.

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The changes of T lymphocyte subsets in the Helicobacter pylori infected children. Li Zhongyue,Yu Yanping,Chen Jie 2006, 21(01): 22-25 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo study the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infected children with gastritis and duodenal ulcer.MethodsTwelve patients with H.pylori positive chronic superficial gastritis(H.pylori+CSG),five patients with H.pylori positive duodenal ulcer(H.pylori+DU) and twentyone patients with H.pylori negative chronic superficial gastritis(H.pylori-CSG) were assessed by endoscopy,histology and bacterial examination.Gastric biopsy specimens and peripheral blood samples were obtained from each patient.H.pylori infection was identified by rapid urease test and histology,both of those positive was considered to be H.pylori infected.Four gastric antrum mucosa specimens were placed in Hanks’s balanced salt solution containing 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA).The specimens were agitated for one hour at 37℃ and washed three times with RPMI 1640 after removing the epithelial layer,and then treated with collagenase,type Ⅰ (120u/mL) for three hours at 37℃ with agitation.The monoclear cells were collected by means of removing undigested material and washed three times with RPMI 1640.Isolated gastic mononuclear cells were stained for CD3FITC(fluorescein isothiocyanate),CD4PE(Rphycoerthrin),CD8PerCP(Peridininchlorophyllαprotein) and measured by flow cytometry.Mucosal T lymphocytes were gated for the expression of CD3.Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analysed by direct immunofluorescence.ResultsThe percentage of isolated mononuclear cells within the CD3 gate were 3.14±2.03 in H.pylori-CSG,4.58±2.30 in H.pylori+CSG,6.49±4.49 in H.pylori+DU.Relative CD+4 (%),CD+8 (%) and CD+4/CD+8 within the CD3+ cells respectively were 19.81±9.25,47.30±12.83,0.43±0.19 in H.pylori-CSG group,40.66±12.52,29.25±8.58,1.42±0.31 in H.pylori+CSG group,31.98±14.02,49.52±19.00，0.72±0.43 in H.pylori+DU group.CD+4,CD+4/CD+8 in H.pylori+CSG group were significantly higher than those of H.pylori-CSG group and CD+8 was lower than those of H.pylori-CSG group (P<0.01).CD+4,CD+4/CD+8 in H.pylori+DU were also higher than those of H.pylori-CSG group (P<0.05),but CD+8 was not significantly different.CD+8 in H.pylori+DU group was significantly higher than those of H.pylori+CSG group and CD+4 was no significantly different and CD+4/CD+8 was declined (P<0.01).There was no significant difference of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets among three groups.ConclusionThe changes of gastric mucosal T lymphocyte subsets in the H.pylori infected children indicat that the T lymphocyte response between H.pylori+CSG and H.pylori+DU is different and the local cellular immune reaction may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of H.pylori infection.

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Brainstem auditory evoked potentials to click stimuli of different rates in the preterm infants with a hypoxic history. Li Zhihua,Jiang Zedong,Chen Chao. 2006, 21(01): 26-28 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo study brainstem function at term in preterm infants who have a hypoxic history using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) to click stimuli of different repetition rates.MethodsStudy group included 39 preterm infants (gestational age 29w~36w) with a hypoxic history.The controls were 30 preterm infants (gestational age 29w~36w) without any complication.The BAEP was recorded at the repetition rates of 21.1,51.1 and 91.1/sec for these babies between 37 to 42 weeks of postconceptional age.The latencies and amplitudes of wavesⅠ、Ⅲ、and Ⅴ and the interpeak intervals of Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅲ~Ⅴ andⅠ~Ⅴ were analyzed.ResultsIn preterm infants with a hypoxic history,the latency of wave Ⅴ and Ⅲ~Ⅴ interpeak interval increased at 21.1/sec,compared with the controls.At 51.1/sec and 91.1/sec,these changes became more significant,and the latency of Ⅲ,amplitude of Ⅴ and the Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅰ~Ⅴ interpeak intervals were also significantly different from the controls.ConclusionThere are some abnormalities in brainstem auditory function at term in preterm infants who have a hypoxic history.The increase in click rate can enhance the detection of BAEP abnormalities.

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A study on correlation between immune interruption of antenatal birth in pregnant women and immune effect of hepatitis B gene vaccine in neonates. Ma Ningsheng,Zu Ming,Ying Honghua 2006, 21(01): 29-31 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect on neonatal immunization with hepatitis B gene vaccine by interrupting HBV infection in pregnant women with HBIG 200IU.Methods55 cases of HBV marks positive pregnant women given HBIG immunity 28、32 and 36 weeks before laboring were classified as interrupting group(group Ⅰ).31 cases without HBIG immunity as noninterrupting group(group Ⅱ).42 cases of healthy women were classified as control group in the corresponding period.Neonates in the three groups has been vaccinated respectively,and detected of HBV marks and ALT with blood samples in neonates of one,two and twelve months of age.ResultsThe immunization protective rates in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and the control one were 87.3% (48/55),77.4%(24/31),and 97.6%(41/42).There were significant differences between group Ⅱ and the control group.(P<0.01).Best effect was seen in all three HBV marks positive pregnant women,and their neonatal antiHBS positive transformation increased from 33.3% to 71.4%.ConclusionHBV infected pregnant women with HBIG immunity can decrease the rate of intrauterine transmission and maternalinfantile transmission.Maternal HBV infection state might produce some effects on neonatal antiHBS positive transformation.

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A study on the morbidity and characteristics of hyperbilirubinemia among the G6PD deficiency neonates. Li Xifu,Xue Xiangping,Ye Guangren 2006, 21(01): 32-34 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo research into the morbidity and characteristics of hyperbilirubinemia which develops among the G6PD (glucose6 phosphate dehydrogenate) deficiency neonates.MethodsDetermine the G6PD with umbilical blood of the mature healthy neonates who were delivered in the resent 5 years in the Obstetrical Department of our hospital.Study the morbidity and invasiontime of hyperbilirubinemia according to their sex and the deficiency extent of the enzymatic activity in the G6PD deficiency infants.Results(1) 82 cases developed hyperbilirubinemia in the 418 G6PD deficiency infants,accounted for 19.62%. (2) In the G6PD deficiency patientinfants,the enzymatic activity was much lower in male cases than in female cases (P<0.01);the morbidity of hyperbilirubinemia was much higher in male cases than in female cases (P<0.01); the morbidity took on a notable difference among the three different enzymatic activity deficiency teams (P<0.05); in the G6PD deficiency infants,the hyperbilirubinemia occurred mainly in one week after birth.ConclusionIn neonatal period,the morbidity of hyperbilirubinemia is higher in the G6PD deficiency infants.The characteristics are:the disease occurs more frequently in male infants than in female infants,and the more deficiency,the higher morbidity.The peek time when G6PD deficiency infants develop hyperbilirubinemia is in 2~4 days after birth.

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Clinical relationship between insulinlike growth factorI and early nutrition as well as growth of premature infants. Yu Muxue,Chen Dongping,Li Xiaoyu 2006, 21(01): 35-37 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical relationship between insulinlike growth factorI (IGFI) and early nutrition as well as growth of premature infants'.MethodsIGFI was analyzed by means of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in 41 premature appropriate for gestational infants on the 8th and 15th day.At the same time,the premature infants body weight and Kaup index were examined.Daily intake of the quantity of energy,protein and the volume of human milk were also recorded.ResultsThe levels of serum IGFI at day 8 correlated positively with gestational age,birth weight,the mean energy and protein intake between day 3 and day 7 (P<0.05).The levels of serum IGFI at day 15 correlated positively with weight growth velocity,the mean energy and protein intake between day 8 and day 14 (P<0.05),but not correlated with gestational age and birth weight (P>0.05).The intake of the human milk had a positive influence on the levels of serum IGFI when the gestational age,birth weight,the mean energy and protein intake were at the same levels (P<0.05).The more postnatal days of age of premature infants,the higher levels of serum IGFI.The levels of serum IGFI correlated positively with weight growth velocity and the Kaup index (P<0.05).ConclusionThe levels of serum IGFI are influenced by the quantity of energy,protein,the volume of human milk intake and age.IGFI participates in the modulation of early postnatal growth in premature infants and may be an index of nutrition and growth.

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Use of synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure. Zhao Youyan,Ping Ying,Zhou Xiaoyu 2006, 21(01): 38-40 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo review the experience of using synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation(SIPPV) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure.MethodsSixtyfour neonates suffering from respiratory failure and requiring mechanical ventilation were divided into two groups,34 by SIPPV and 30 by intermittent positive pressure ventilation(IPPV).FiO2,PIP,respiratory rate(RR),oxygenation index,frequency of using sedative during mechanical ventilation,average time of ventilation and complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsFiO2 and PIP dropped in 6 hours and RR in 12 hours of ventilation in SIPPV group.However,FiO2 began dropping in 12 hours and PIP in 24 hours in IPPV group.RR had no obvious change in 24 hours in IPPV group.Oxygenation index was obviously improved 2 hours after use of SIPPV and 6 hours after use of IPPV.Requirement of sedative was less in SIPPV group than in IPPV group and average time of ventilation was shorter in SIPPV group than in IPPV group.The rate of complications was less in SIPPV group than in IPPV group.ConclusionSIPPV is superior to IPPV in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure.

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Clinical study of bacterial colonization on premature infants in NICU. Liu Jianhui,Wang Danhua. 2006, 21(01): 41-44 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the condition of bacterial colonization and risk factors of the colonized bacteria on premature infants in NICU.MethodsBacterial surveillance was done on every premature infant enrolled in our study from May 2002 to April 2003.Nasopharyngeal and rectal swab culture was done immediately at hospital admission and then once a week.The clinical data,such as the kind of antibiotic used,the condition of colonized bacteria,were collected and analyzed by SPSS software.ResultsAmong 183 strains of bacteria isolated from 11 cases at the admission,52 cases after hospitalization,62.8% were Gramnegative organisms.The risk factors for colonization were gestational age,birth weight,length of hospitalization,mechanical ventilation,parenteral nutrition and length of antibiotic therapy.The most susceptible antibiotic for the Gramnegative organisms obtained from our study was meropenem,but it was also easy to cause the colonization of coagulase negative staphylococcus(MRScoN).Gramnegative organisms was the main pathogens of sepsis and the fastigium was in one week of colonization.ConclusionWe suggest that bacterial surveillance culture should be taken for premature infants in NICU.It is most important to prevent the colonization by restricting the use of antibiotic,shortening the length of hospital stay and reducing the use of parenteral nutrition.

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The effects of anomalous distribution of coronary artery on reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract in infants with complicated heart disease. Li Fandong,Fan Quanxin,Zou Chengwei 2006, 21(01): 45-46 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo report the experience for surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle with anomalous coronary artery.MethodsTwenty patients with anomalous coronary artery underwent surgical correction from April 1989 to May 2004.The coronary abnormalities included single left or right coronary artery in 11,left anterior decending coronary artery originating from right coronary artery in 6,fistula between right coronary artery and pulmonary artery in 2 and vascular plexus on right outflow tract in 1.One stage correction in 19 cases;palliative procedure underwent in 1 case.ResultsThere was one postoperative death,2 cases with residual leak and 3 with residual obstruction.ConclusionFor the closures of VSD and dredge of the outflow tract of right ventricle,incision on right ventricle depended on coronary artery distribution.Damage of coronary artery must be avoided.More attention must be paid to the patients with abnormalous coronary distribution.

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Clinical features and prognosis analysis of children with lymphoidassociated and myeloidassociated antigen positive acute leukemia:a report from the ALXH99. Tie Lijun,Gu Longjun,Jiang Limin 2006, 21(01): 47-50 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the clinical features of children with myeloid /lymphoid antigen positive acute leukemia and assess the clinical significance between the biimmunophenotypic leukemia and associatedtherapeutic factors as well as prognosis.MethodsFrom January 1998 to May 2003,193/75 patients with newly diagnosed ALL/AML were enrolled on protocol ALLXH99/AMLXH99.Immunophenotyping was measured with the use of flow cytometry.According to the McAbs used,the patients were divided into four subgroups,including the patients with positive expression of lymphoid/myeloidassociated antigens and those of negative expression.The probability of eventfree survival(pEFS) was estimated by KaplanMeier analysis and the distributions of pEFS were compared using the logrank test.Chisquare analysis or Fisher exact test were used to compare differences in the distribution of biologic presenting features.Results1.The proportion of children with ALL expressing one or more of the myeloidassociated antigens was 19.54%.There were no significant differences at clinical features and response to treatment except time of complete remission with Blineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia in positive or negative expression of myeloidassociated antigens acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Patients with positive expression of myeloidassociated antigens were not significantly better than those with negative expression of My ALL ［(61.76±8.33)% vs (68.03±5.55)%,P=0.0526］.2.The proportion of children with AML expressing one or more of the lymphoidassociated antigens was 24.32%.In FrenchAmericanBritish (FAB) M2,lymphoidassociated antigen CD19 was expressed by blast cells in most patients and APL was char acterized by the absence of HLADR,lymphoidassociated antigens CD19 and CD7.There were no significant difference at clinical features and response to treatment except FAB in positive or negative expression of lymphoidassociated antigens (CD19,CD7) acute myeloid leukemia.Patients with positive expression of lymphoidassociated antigens (CD19,CD7) were not significantly better than those with negative expression of Ly AML ［(39.82±13.59)% vs (51.29±9.70)%,P=0.3164］.ConclusionThere is no significant effect on biimmunophenotypic leukemia,and patients can be treated with lymphoid/myeloidassociated antigen in contemporary riskadapted therapy.

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Logistic regression analysis of risk factors of coronary artery lesion secondary to Kawasaki disease. Zhang Wei,Li Qiu,Zhao Xiaodong 2006, 21(01): 51-53 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo explore risk factors of coronary artery lesion(CAL) caused by Kawasaki disease(KD).MethodsClinical features of total 942 patients with KD hospitalized during Jan,2000 to Dec,2004 were reviewed and analyzed.All cases with or without CAL were analyzed by casecontrol study and Logistic regression analysis for 13 influence factors of CAL was made.ResultsThe results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratio of fever lasting over 10 days(X1) was 1.203(95% CI =1.104~1.312,P<0.001),and the odds ratio of ferrohemoglobin(Hb)lower than 100g/L(X2) was 0.658(95% CI =0.472~0.995,P<0.05).The logistic regress equation of CAL risk factors was Logit(P)=β0(-2.995)+0.185X1 +(-0.378)X2(χ2=16.920，P=0.031).ConclusionLonglasting fever(>10d) and low Hb (<100g/L) are the high risk factors of CAL in Kawasaki disease.