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06 April 2007, Volume 22 Issue 04 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Changes of gasotransmitters nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in healthy children in areas of different altitudes. WANG Yan-fei,XIAO Hui-jie,TANG Chaoshu 2007, 22(04): 254-256 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo explore the difference in the contents of gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in healthy children in areas of different altitudes. MethodsForty-two healthy children were divided by different altitudes.Seventeen children (11 boys and 6 girls,at the age of 7.28±4.79) were from the area of Beijing (the average altitude is 43.5 metres) and 25 (12 boys and 13 girls,at the age of 10.42±0.49) from Haibei state in Qinghai province (the average altitude is above 3200 metres).The serum was sampled on a fasting state.The contents of NO and H2S in the serum were measured by Griess and sensitive sulfur electrode. ResultsThe content of NO in the serum of healthy children in the area of Beijing was 60.58±16.85 μmol/L,which was much lower then that of Haibei state in Qinghai province (73.88±18.97 μmol/L); the content of H2S in the serum of healthy children in the area of Beijing was 65.55±9.07 μmol/L,which was much higher than that of Haibei state in Qinghai province (46.92±6.46 μmol/L). ConclusionThe content of NO in the serum of healthy children in the area of high altitude is much higher than that in the area of low altitude,while the content of H2S in the serum of healthy children in the area of high altitude is much lower than that in the area of low altitude.

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Internet overuse and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in middle school students. CAO Feng-lin,SU Lin-yan,WANG Hong 2007, 22(04): 257-260 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between internet overuse(IOU) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in middle school students. MethodsThe case-control study included 64 middle school students with IOU and 64 healthy controls.The subjects were assessed with the Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ),Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and ADHD Diagnostic Scale-Parent Version(ADHDDS-P).All subjects were administered a standardized diagnostic interview according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria for ADHD.ResultsFourteen IOU students met DSM-Ⅳ criteria for ADHD,of whom 5 students met predominantly inattention type;1 student met redominantly hyperactive-impulsive type,8 students met combined type.Three students of control group met DSM-Ⅳ criteria for ADHD,all of whom met combined type.The IOU group had significantly higher scores on the SDQ subscales of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactivity and total difficulties and less scores on the subscales of prosocial behaviors than the normal group(P<0.05~<0.01).IOU group had significantly higher scores on the ADHDDS-P of inattention factor and hyperactivity/impulsivity factor than the normal group (P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that inattention and hyperactivity were risk factors of internet overuse，prosocial behaviors was protective factor of internet overuse in middle school students. ConclusionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder may be an important risk factor of internet overuse in middle school students.

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Comparison of the sleep architecture and principal variables of PSG study in children with OSAHS either with or without ADHD. HUANG Zhen-yun，LIU Da-bo ，LI Zhi-bin 2007, 22(04): 261-263 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo compare the sleep architecture and principal variables of a PSG study carried out in children with either OSAHS or OSAHS+ADHD.The study is to evaluate the role of sleep architecture and principal variables of PSG study in pathogenesis of ADHD. MethodsThe sleep architecture were compared among the OSAHS group(n=36) and study group(OSAHS+ADHD,n=20) and control group (without OSAHS and ADHD,n=30).The respiratory events and SaO2 were compared between the study group and OSAHS group.All children underwent PSG montoring and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder(DSM-Ⅳ) were used to diagnose whether children had ADHD or not. Results(1)The sleep architecture of children in study group and OSAHS group presented differences as compared to control group in an increase in the percentage of phase I sleep and a decrease in the percentage of phase Ⅱ sleep,SWS and REM sleep (P<0.05)The decrease of REM% was significant when compared between study group and OSAHS group(P<0.05).(2)The times and duration of respiratory events and decrease of SaO2 were severer than that in OSAHS group.The difference was significant (P<0.05). ConclusionThe decrease of REM% and SaO2 may play a role in pathogenesis of ADHD.

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Flexible bronchoscope diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. RAO Xiao-chun,LIU Xi-cheng,JIANG Qin-bo 2007, 22(04): 264-265 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo probe morphologic features of mycoplasma pneumonia under flexible bronchoscope.To observe interposing therapeutic effect of mycoplasma pneumonia by bronchoscopy. MethodsThe study was performed in 170 patients with mycoplasma pneumonia.The blood mycoplasma antibody was 1∶320 at least.The radiographic sternum of 68.2% patients showed atelectasis,and 22.9% showed pleural effusion or pleurisy.All patients were performed flexible bronchoscopy. ResultsUnder flexible bronchoscope,it was obvious in all patients that bronchial mucosa roughness,swelling,and secretion attachment were shown.Meanwhile in some patients bronchoscopy showed blood vessel becoming gross(68.8%),upright crease (38.2%),mucosa piebald shape(14.1%),mucosa crypts nodule(11.2%),mucosa anabrosis(2.9%).Some patients had tube debouchement inflammatory stenosis(55.3%),even occlusion(15.9%),segmental bronchi ventilation lack(70.6%).Most of intraluminal secretion showed translucent or hoar dope.Some formed mucous plug blocking bronchi(27.1%).Through therapy,all patients got improvement.The times of intervention therapy were from one to four in 82.9% of the patients,at most ten. ConclusionMycoplasma pneumonia can supervene with atelectasis.Under flexible bronchoscope,main features of mycoplasma pneumonia are bronchial mucosal lesion,mucous plug blocking,tube debouchement inflammatory stenosis and occlusion,and segmental bronchi ventilation lack.It is beneficial to shorten course of disease by early applying flexible bronchoscope by diagnose and treat patients with mycoplasma pneumonia.

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Efficacy and safety of low-dose Budesonide plus Formoterol versus double dose Budesonide in children with mild persistent asthma. PENG Qiu-ying,CHEN Ai-huan. 2007, 22(04): 266-268 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose Budesonide(BUD) plus Formoterol(FOM) and double dose Budesonide in children with mild persistent asthma. MethodsFrom Jan. 2005 to Jun. 2005,50 children with mild persistent asthma were randomly divided into two groups,treated with BUD plus FOM (group B+F ) or double dose BUD (group double B) twice daily respectively.The outcomes included daytime symptom scores、nocturnal symptom scores、symptom free days、times of exacerbation、usages of other therapeutic medicines included short-acting β2-agonists、oral prednisone、slow-release theophylline、long-acting β2-agonists and PEF. ResultsDaytime symptom scores and symptoms free days were reduced and PEF was improved significantly in both groups after 8 weeks of treatment ( P<0.05,respectively).Nocturnal symptom scores were significantly reduced in group B+F(P<0.05)but not in group double B(P>0.05) when compared to pre-treatment.There were no differences in daytime symptom scores、nocturnal symptom scores、symptom free days、PEF and usages of other therapeutic medicines between two groups (all P>0.05). ConclusionNo difference is found between the combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonist versus double dose inhaled corticosteroids in children with mild persistent asthma,and taking the potential systemic side effects into considerution,the combination therapy may be the better choice.

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Changes of serum endotheline,D-dimer and fibrinogen in infants with pneumonia complicated with heart failure. LI Run-ying，ZHU Jun-ling，WANG Li-hua 2007, 22(04): 269-271 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo study the changes of serum endotheline(ET)，D-dimer and fibrinogen(FBG) in infants with pneumonia complicated with heart failure(HF) and explore the changes of blood coagulation，fibrinolysis，and endothelial cell function. MethodsEighty patients with infant pneumonia complicating HF and 20 controls were studied.Serum ET，D-dimer，FBG，activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)，prothrombin time(PT) and thrombin time(TT) were measured. ResultsET，D-dimer，FBG，APTT in two groups had difference.With the disease deteriorating，the values of ET，D-dimer，FBG increased，and APTT decreased gradually.There are positive relations between ET and D-dimer，D-dimer and FBG. ConclusionPneumonia complicated with HF has important impacts on coagulation,fibrinolysis and endothelial cell function.

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Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with myeloid antigen expression and its prognosis. XUE Hui-liang,TANG Jing-yan,CHEN Jing 2007, 22(04): 272-274 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the clinical characteristics and their relationship with the prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with myeloid antigen expression. MethodsThirty-three children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with myeloid antigen expression (My+ALL) at the same time were subclassified as double antigenic expression and double lineage type in accordance with the criteria formulated by the European Collaboration Study Group of the International Leukemia (EGIL) and standardized treatment protocols were given. Results(1)Twenty-six children had double expression (78.8%) in My+ALL of them,17 cases belonged to the B lineage ALL with Myeloid antigen expression (65.4%).Six cases with T lineage ALL had Myeloid expression (23.1%).Three with T lineage and B lineage had myeloid antigen expression at the same time (11.5%) whereas 7 cases belonged to the double lineage ALL(21.2%).② Twenty-six children with double antigenic expression ALL received standardized treatment protocols with complete remission rate of 76.9% in 35 days,whereas only one case achieved CR(14.3%) in 7 children with double lineage ALL.③Survival status:18 of 26 children with double antigenic expression ALL were still in CR (65%) while only 1 of the 7 children with double lineage ALL remained in the CR(14.3%).④ Relapse rate: 6 children with double antigenic expression ALL relapsed (23.1%)while 6 of 7children with double lineage ALL relapsed(85.7%). ConclusionMyeloid antigen positive expression in children with ALL could be considered as poor prognostic factor,but the prognosis for children with double lineage ALL is very poor with high relapse rate and few long-term survival frequency.

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Effect of transthoracic echocardiography in transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect. LI Shu-Juan，WANG Yu-lin，LIU Ting-liang 2007, 22(04): 275-277 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo study the values of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the choice of cases and occluders in transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). MethodsRetrospective study was done on 54 secundum ASD children who underwent interventional therapy in our hospital from March 2002 to March 2006.TTE was done on performed to examine the shape、size、rims of ASD.Statistically compare the occluder size with the largest diameter of ASD measured by TTE、the balloon-stretched diameter measured by X-ray and by TTE respectively.Dependablity analysis and regression equation were done between the occluder size and the largest diameter of ASD measured by TTE. ResultsFifty-four cases were successfully performed.The procedure time was 20~145(57.64±24.89)min，the fluoroscopy time was 3.1~31.5(9.22±7.41)min，hospital stay was 3~10(5.74±1.72)days.Fifteen patients had only one deficient rim，who all performed successfully.There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the largest diameter of ASD measured by TTE (4~33mm，16.31±7.34mm)、the balloon-stretched diameter measured by X-ray(6.7~28mm，19.80±7.24mm)、by TTE(9.6~24.8mm，19.92 ±6.38mm) and the occluder size(5~36mm，18.85±7.89mm).And there was good linear correlation(r=0.945，P<0.05)between the largest diameter of ASD measured by TTE and the occluder size，their regression equation was: the occluder size =1.015×(the largest diameter measured by TTE)+2.3mm. ConclusionTTE is a good measurement to choose cases in ASD intervention，and as a no-injury imageology diagnostic method，it has important values to evaluate the choice of ASD occluders.

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Study on brain delayed myelination and blood phenylalanine of patients with phenylketonuria. Wang Zhixin,Zhou Zhongshu,Yu Weimin. 2007, 22(04): 278-280 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo observe the relationship between phenylalanine and brain delayed myelination in phenylketonuria (PKU) with MRI. MethodsAll of 29 PKU patients underwent cranial MR imaging with spin-echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences in coronal and axial planes.The myelination in ten sections was evaluated by using MRI T1and T2WI with Staudt's staging system. ResultsAll of the 29 patients with PKU had aniso degree delayed myelination on MRI.Delayed myelination was located mainly in the cerebral lobes and corpus callosum,the incidence of sections of delayed myelination was 45.6%,the incidence of low age was 40.8% and the high age group was 51.2%,showing statistically significant change (P<0.05).After a year of treatment with a PHE-restricted diet,the incidence in the 19 patients was 32.2%,showing statistically significant change (P<0.01).The largest change in MRI was seen in patients who controled PHE level around 0.12~0.48mmol/L. ConclusionThe patients with delayed treated PKU have a high occurrence of delayed brain myelination,and the longer the high blood PHE level,the worse the delayed brain myelination.Throuth the therapy with a PHE-restricted diet,these abnormalities can be improved,and amelioration of the delayed myelination is much better in the group who controled PHE level around 0.12~0.48mmol/L.The level of blood PHE is the main reason responsible for the delayed myelination.

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Study of nighttime sleep in children aged 6 to 12 years in Zhongshan city. HUANG Dong-ming,YANG Zi,XIAO Xiao-xiong 2007, 22(04): 281-284 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate nighttime sleep in children aged 6 to 12 years in Zhongshan city,and identify related factors to nighttime sleep. MethodsFrom November to December of 2005,2012 children in one school,aged 6 to 12 years,were investigated with questionnaire about children's social environment and sleep condition in Zhongshan city. ResultsActually 1936 children(1043 boys,893 girls)were investigated.The average time of nighttime sleep in 6~12 year-old children was (9.10±0.57)hours in regular time,and (9.47±0.81)hours at weekend(t=16.437，P=0.000).With the age increasing,the time of nighttime sleep in regular time decreased gradually,being 9.28h,9.27h,9.04h,9.04h,8.96h and 8.85h in 6,7,8,9,10 and 11-year old children.But the time of nighttime sleep in these children at weekends was not significantly different.Children's sleep time was affected mainly by 7 main factors:parents consideration of whether their sleep time was enough or not,children's age,the population number in the family,children's sleep time being regular,fosters' sleep time,frequently falling asleep while watching TV,father’s education degree(r=0.261，F=60.683，P=0.000). ConclusionThe nighttime sleep in children aged 6 to 12 years in Zhongshan city is less than foreign countries.Children’s age and family social environment are the main affecting factors.To ensure the children’s health,the parent’s knowledge of sleeping in the children must be improved.

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Impact of leukotriene D4 on the expression of eotaxin-3 induced by interleukin-4 in bronchial epithelial cell. OU Wei-lin,ZHU Chun-jiang,HUANG Jian 2007, 22(04): 285-288 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether leukotriene D4 regulates the expression of eotaxin-3 in bronchial epithelial cells.To explore the role of leukotriene D4 and bronchial epithelial cells on airway allergic inflammation. MethodsPretreated BEAS-2B cells and NHBE cells with leukotriene D4 for 1 hour，stimulated with interleukin-4,the cells were incubated for 24 hours.The messenger RNA (mRNA) of eotaxin-3 was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the eotaxin-3 protein was determined by ELISA. ResultsThe untreated bronchial epithelial cell expressed eotaxin-3 on a very low level.After being stimulated with IL-4 and incubated for 24h,the eotaxin-3 production increased significantly both on mRNA and protein level.Pretreating the cells with leukotriene D4 could enhance the inducing effect of IL-4. ConclusionBronchial epithelial cells are not only the barrier of airway,but also a kind of response cell.It can express eotaxin-3 and involve the airway allergic inflammation.Leukotreine D4 can up-regulate the expression of eotaxin-3 induced by IL-4 on bronchial epithelial cells.It may explain partially the mechanism of leukotrienes involving airway allergic inflammation of asthma.

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Analysis of the relationship between time of inhaled glucocorticoid treatment and prognostic effect in patients with cough variant asthma. GUO Tong,HU Shu-hua,ZHAO Guang-lin. 2007, 22(04): 289-291 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between course of treatment of inhaling glucocorticoid and curative and prognostic effect in patients with cough variant asthma. MethodsA total of 84 patients with cough variant asthma were treated by glucocorticoid inhalation 250~375μg·d -1,2~3 times every day.All of them were divided randomly into very-short-month group,the six-month group and the one-year group according to the course of treatment.Then we measured the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at the time of pre-treatment and post- treatment and observed the recurrence in two years. ResultsThe PEFR value of the three groups at post-treatment improved evidently.The PEFR value of the very-short-month group,the six-month group and the one-year group rose from 65.06±8.93,65.68±8.92,65.91±8.50 to 90.74±5.43,90.71± 3.60,89.88±5.89(P<0.001)respectively.Twenty-five patients in the very-short-month group recurred,which accounted for 71.43% in two years.Six patients in the six-month group recurred,which accounted for 22.22%.Two patients in the one-year group recurred,which accounted for 9.09%. ConclusionThe patients with cough variant asthma should be treated by inhaled glucocorticoid treatment more early and the long-term treatment could reduce recurrence rate.

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Study on acute enterovirus-associated respiratory infection in children. YUAN Yi，SONG Guo-wei,CAO Ling 2007, 22(04): 292-294 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of enterovirus (EV) in acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. MethodsNasopharyngeal secretion samples from 815 inpatient children with ARI were obtained and were detected EV by both viral culture and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The samples were also used to detect RSV,influenza virus type A and B,parainfluenza virus type 1,2 and 3,and adenovirus by both viral culture and indirect immunofluorescence assay. ResultsThe viral positive rate of all cases was 50.9%,with RSV (24.9%) being the most prevalent,followed by EV (16.9%).The prevalence of EV were 0~34.2% in different months,which was the lowest in winter.The positive rate of RT-PCR,paired serum antibody detection and virus culture in detecting EV infection was 16.2%,7.6% and 1.0%,respectively. ConclusionAmong inpatient children with ARI,EV is the second most common viral pathogen detected following RSV,and is also one of the important viral pathogens causing acute expiratory wheezing illness in children.The prevalence of EV is the lowest in winter in Beijing.RT-PCR is a rapid,sensitive and specific method.It can be used as a useful tool in detecting EV- associated ARI in children.