Abstract: Pediatric aortopathy has complex etiologies，with different natural disease course and management needs from those of adults. The 2024 scientific statement from the American Heart Association proposes a standardized management framework encompassing imaging assessment，follow-up strategies，pharmacological therapy，and surgical indications. This article reviews the key management principles outlined in the statement and explores the management strategies suitable for China based on the current status of our country，aiming to increase rate of early detection，enhance risk assessment accuracy，and improve long-term outcomes.

Key words: aortopathy, aortic dilation, aortic dissection, Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, inheritable thoracic aortic diseases, congenital heart disease, guidelines

摘要： 儿童主动脉病变的病因复杂，自然病程与管理需求不同于成人。美国心脏协会2024年声明提出标准化管理体系，涵盖影像学评估、随访策略、药物治疗及手术指征。文章基于该声明，梳理儿童主动脉病变的核心管理要点，并结合国内现状，探讨适合我国的管理策略，以提高儿童主动脉病变的早期识别率，精准评估风险，并改善长期预后。

关键词: 主动脉病变, 主动脉扩张, 主动脉夹层, 马凡综合征, 洛伊 - 迪茨综合征, 埃勒斯 - 当洛综合征, 遗传性胸主动脉病变, 先天性心脏病, 指南