Abstract: Nervonic acid was first found in the nervous tissue of mammals and was named for it. In recent years，nervonic acid has been widely concerned by neurobiology and nutrition experts at home and abroad because of its unique role in nervous system development and disease prevention and treatment. Nervonic acid is the main component of human brain complex lipids. As a kind of ultra-long chain monouns-aturated fatty acid，it is the core component of the myelin sheath of brain nerve cells，and has the function of repairing damaged brain nerve fibers and promotes neuron regeneration. The lack of nervonic acid in the human body can lead to insomnia，forgetfulness，brain atrophy，white matter disease and other neurological diseases，which can be effectively alleviated by supplementation of nervonic acid. In addition，nervonic acid can also improve metabolic abnorm-alities and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， and enhance immunity. Therefore，nervonic acid is of great significance to human health，and has aroused the research interest of a great number of medical workers. This article will review the application of nervoinc acid in the treatment of nervous system diseases at home and abroad，and make a summary of it.

Key words: nervonic acid, neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases of central nervous system, cerebrovascular diseases, unsaturated fatty acid

摘要： 神经酸最早在哺乳动物的神经组织中被发现，并因此而得名。近年来，神经酸因其在神经系统发育和疾病防治中的独特作用，受到了国内外神经生物学和营养学专家的广泛关注。神经酸是一种超长链单不饱和脂肪酸，是人类大脑复合脂质中的主要成分，是构成大脑神经细胞髓鞘的核心物质，具有修复受损脑神经纤维以及促进神经元再生的功能。人体缺乏神经酸会导致失眠、健忘、脑萎缩、脑白质病变等多种神经精神疾病，补充神经酸可以有效缓解这类疾病。此外，神经酸还能改善代谢异常、心脑血管疾病，并增强免疫力。因此，神经酸对人类健康具有重要意义，已经引起广大医药工作者的研究兴趣。文章将回顾国内外对神经酸在治疗神经系统疾病的应用研究，并对其进行综述。

关键词: 神经酸, 神经变性病, 中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病, 脑血管疾病, 不饱和脂肪酸