Abstract: Metabolic bone disease of premature（MBDP） is still one of the most challenging neonatal diseases. Premature infants are at high-risk of calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders，as well as bone mineral content decreases，which is seriously endangering the bone health of very low birth weight premature infants or extremely low birth weight premature infants. The diagnosis of MBDP mainly depends on laboratory examination，X-ray imaging and ultrasonography. Prevention is the main treatment， and supplementation of calcium，phosphorus，and is given in addition to dealing with complications of premature infants. Early detection and treatment are advocated in order to reduce the occurrence of MBDP and improve the short-tern and long-tern proghosis.

Key words: preterm, metabolic bone disease, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, mineral supplementation

摘要： 早产儿代谢性骨病（metabolic bone disease of premature，MBDP）目前仍为新生儿期极具挑战的疾病之一，早产儿在高危因素的影响下，体内出现钙磷代谢紊乱，骨矿物质含量减少，严重危害了极、超低出生体重早产儿的骨骼健康。目前诊断主要依靠实验室、影像学、超声学等检查。治疗以预防为主，在早产儿合并症的基础上加强对钙、磷、维生素D的补充。提倡早发现，早治疗，以期减少MBDP的发生及改善近远期预后。

关键词: 早产, 代谢性骨病, 钙磷代谢, 矿物质补充