Abstract: Probiotics are a category of live microorganisms that，when consumed in adequate amounts，exert beneficial effects on health.Research has demonstrated their crucial role in regulating the composition of the gut microbiota，enhancing its barrier function， suppressing inflammation， and participating in immune modulation.The digestive and immune systems of newborns are immature， supplementation with probiotics may improve clinical outcomes of necrotizing enterocolitis and pathological jaundice in the newborn. This review aims to elucidate the role of probiotics in assisting the management of neonatal digestive system disorders and systemic diseases.However， the effectiveness and safety of probiotics in neonates require large clinical researches and long-term follow-up observations for further reliable evaluation.

Key words: probiotics, newborn, diseases, prevention and treatment

摘要： 益生菌是一类活性微生物，摄入适量对健康有益。益生菌在调节肠道微生物组成、增强屏障功能、抑制炎症、参与免疫调节等方面发挥重要作用。新生儿消化及免疫系统发育不成熟，补充益生菌可能改善坏死性小肠结肠炎、新生儿病理性黄疸等疾病临床结局。文章旨在阐述益生菌辅助新生儿消化系统疾病和全身性疾病治疗的作用，然而，益生菌在新生儿使用的有效性和安全性尚需大规模临床研究、长期随访观察，进一步评估。

关键词: 益生菌, 新生儿, 疾病, 防治