Abstract: Outcomes of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （HIE） have been improved since the widespread implement-ation of therapeutic hypothermia （TH），which is the most evidence-based treatment for HIE at present，but it is also controversial. The latest clinical and experimental studies have made us understand more about the key issues of TH，including the time，depth and duration of TH，and the suitable population of TH，such as mild HIE，preterm HIE，and HIE with infection. However，there are still unresolved problems and more clinical research is still needed. In the absence of new evidence，the current therapeutic hypothermia regimen is the best in clinical practice.

Key words: newborn, hypoxic -ischemic encephalopathy, hypothermia

摘要： 亚低温治疗可以显著改善缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿的远期预后，是目前最具循证医学证据的HIE治疗方法，但也存在争议。临床和实验研究使得学者对亚低温治疗的关键问题包括亚低温治疗开始的时间、深度和持续时间、低温治疗适宜人群如轻度HIE、早产儿HIE以及伴有感染的HIE患儿有了更多了解，但仍有未解决的问题，仍需要开展更多的临床研究。在未有新的证据之前，目前的低温治疗方案是最推荐临床使用的。

关键词: 新生儿, 缺氧缺血性脑病, 低温治疗