Abstract: Patent foramen ovale（PFO）is relatively common in children and is mostly asymptomatic. This review summarizes the pathophysiological characteristics of PFO，associated secondary diseases and symptoms，diagnostic methods，and treatment strategies. PFO results from the incomplete fusion of the septum primum and septum secundum after birth，leading to a 
persistent abnormal communication between the right and left atria. PFO is associated with various diseases and symptoms，including paradoxical embolism，cryptogenic stroke，platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome，migraine，and decompression sickness. Diagnostic methods primarily include transthoracic echocardiography，transesophageal echocardiography，transcranial Doppler ultrasound，and right heart contrast echocardiography. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice through a systematic overview of the pathophysiological characteristics，diagnosis，and treatment strategies of PFO.

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摘要： 卵圆孔未闭（patent foramen ovale，PFO）在儿童中相对常见，大多数情况下无症状。该文综述了PFO的病理生理特征、继发相关疾病和症状、诊断方法以及治疗策略。PFO的形成是由于出生后第一房间隔与第二房间隔未能完全融合，导致右心房与左心房之间的异常通道持续存在。PFO与多种疾病和症状相关，包括反常栓塞、隐源性卒中、斜卧呼吸-直立性低氧血症综合征、偏头痛和减压病。诊断方法主要包括经胸超声心动图、经食管超声心动图、经颅多普勒超声、右心声学造影等。该文旨在通过对PFO病理生理特征、诊断及治疗策略的系统性综述，为临床实践提供了理论依据。

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