Abstract: Sepsis is the main cause of death of children in pediatric intensive care unit， which seriously threatens the life and health of children， and septic shock is the stage of cardiovascular system damage of sepsis， which is its most serious manifestation. The standardized diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock is very important， and the lack of understanding of clinicians may delay the diagnosis and treatment， resulting in the continuous progression of the disease， multiple organ function injury and even death. In 2024， the Society of Critical Care Medicine （SCCM） Working Group on Definitions of Sepsis in Children issued a new Phoenix Sepsis Criteria for Sepsis and Septic Shock in children. There is potential to improve clinical care， epidemiological assessment and research of sepsis and septic shock in children around the world. The limitations of the current criteria for pediatric sepsis， the formulation and definition of a new Phoenix criteria for pediatric sepsis， the content of Phoenix criteria，the comparison between the new and the current criteria， the precautions and limitations of the new criteria are interpreted for clinical reference， in order to improve the standardized diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock of children by pediatricians.

Key words: sepsis in children, septic shock, the phoenix criteria, international consensus, interpretation

摘要： 脓毒症是儿科重症监护室患儿死亡的重要原因，严重威胁儿童生命健康，而脓毒性休克是脓毒症出现心血管系统损害的阶段，是其最严重的表现。脓毒症和脓毒性休克的规范诊断非常重要，如临床医师认识不足可能会延误诊治，导致疾病持续进展，出现多器官功能损伤甚至死亡等严重后果。2024年美国重症医学会（Society of Critical Care Medicine，SCCM）儿童脓毒症定义工作组发布了儿童脓毒症和脓毒性休克的Phoenix脓毒症新标准，有可能改善世界各地儿童脓毒症和脓毒性休克的临床治疗、流行病学评估和研究。现对儿童脓毒症现行标准的局限性、Phoenix儿童脓毒症新标准的制定、定义和与现行标准的比较、新标准的注意事项及局限性进行解读，供临床参考，以期提高儿科医师对脓毒症和脓毒性休克的规范诊断。

关键词: 儿童脓毒症, 脓毒性休克, Phoenix标准, 国际共识, 解读