Abstract:

Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection and the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. It has become one of the public health problems worldwide. The pathogenesis is unclear and there are currently no targeted therapies that have been proven to be effective in bronchiolitis. There exists a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying the variable disease severity and the inconsistent manifestation of long-term respiratory morbidity. Nor can these outcomes be reliably predicted in patients on initial presentation. Bronchiolitis is generally considered a single disease，however，more and more researches have shown that it is a heterogeneous disease that needs individualized and specific treatment，with differences in etiology，clinical charicteristics，immunology，microecology and long-term respiratory outcomes. The study on heterogeneity of viral bronchiolitis will contribute to individualized and targeted therapy and may reduce the development of recurrent wheezing and asthma.

Key words: bronchiolitis, age, virus, wheezing, heterogeneity

摘要：

毛细支气管炎是婴幼儿最常见的下呼吸道感染，也是住院患儿常见疾病， 已成为全球性公共卫生问题之一。其发病机制尚未明确， 也缺乏有效的针对性治疗， 对疾病严重程度和远期呼吸道结局表现不一致的机制也知之不多。在疾病早期， 常不能准确预测疾病严重程度和远期呼吸道结局。毛细支气管炎通常被认为是单一疾病， 但越来越多的研究显示， 毛细支气管炎是一种需要个体化、特异性治疗的异质性疾病， 其在病原学、 临床特征、 免疫学、 微生态及远期呼吸道结局等方面均存在较大差异。开展病毒性毛细支气管炎的异质性研究， 将有助于个体化和靶向性治疗， 降低其后反复喘息和哮喘的发生。

关键词: 毛细支气管炎, 年龄, 病毒, 喘息, 异质性