Abstract: Allergic diseases in children are characterized by high prevalence and a tendency for recurrent episodes，imposing a substantial burden on affected children and their families.Pharmacological treatments only alleviate symptoms but don’t interrupt the allergic process.Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy（AIT）is currently the only therapeutic approach which is likely to modify the natural course of allergic diseases.Given that the pediatric immune system is in a developmental and plastic stage，early initiation of AIT during childhood can better improve quality of life，prevent new sensitivities，and offer cost-effectiveness while promoting physical and mental health.This article systematically reviews the definition，therapeutic mechanisms，indications，contraindications，medication selection，adverse reactions，and management of special clinical issues related to AIT，aiming to provide a reference for the standardized application of AIT in children.

Key words: child, allergen-specific immunotherapy, clinical practice

摘要： 儿童过敏性疾病患病率高，易反复发作，给患儿及家庭带来沉重负担。药物治疗仅能缓解症状，无法阻断过敏进程。 变应原特异性免疫治疗（allergen-specific immunotherapy，AIT）是目前惟一可能改变过敏性疾病自然进程的治疗方法，儿童免疫系统处于发育和可塑阶段，儿童期尽早启动 AIT，可更好地改善生活质量，预防新发致敏，在促进身心健康的同时兼具成本效益。该文系统阐述 AIT的定义、治疗机制、适应证、禁忌证、用药选择、不良反应及临床特殊问题的处理，以期为儿童 AIT 的规范应用提供参考。

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