Abstract: Hand bone X-ray examination represents a pivotal auxiliary means for the assessment of skeletal and physical development in pediatric populations. It plays a critical role in the evaluation of individual growth and maturity，as well as in the diagnosis of common and rare skeletal disorders. The development of hand bones is influenced by multiple factors，including gender，nutritional status，metabolic conditions，chronic diseases，endocrine hormones，genetic background，and social environment. This article mainly summarizes the X-ray features of bone development and skeletal deformities in hand，and elucidates their correlations with various diseases，further enhancing the understanding of the clinical utility and diagnostic value of hand radiographs.

Key words: skeletal X-ray, growth and development, genetic diseases, hand bone deformities, osteopathies

摘要： 手骨X线检查是分析儿童骨骼及体格发育的重要辅助方法，对于评估个体生长发育水平、成熟程度、诊断常见及罕见骨病具有重要临床意义。手部骨骼的发育受性别、营养、代谢、慢性疾病、内分泌激素、遗传背景以及社会环境等诸多因素的影响。文章重点综述手腕部诸骨发育、骨骼畸形的X线特征及其与疾病的对应关系，进一步提高对手骨X线片临床应用价值的认识。

关键词: 骨骼X线, 生长发育, 遗传病, 手部骨骼畸形, 骨病