Abstract: Pathological diagnosis plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diffuse parenchymal lung disease in adults and the way of obtaining lung tissue is the basis for pathological diagnosis，which includes surgical lung biopsy，transbronchial lung biopsy and transbronchial cryobiopsy. Transbronchial cryobiopsy is the first-line method instead of transbronchial lung biopsy which may leads to inadequate and incomplete structure of lung tissue，and surgical lung biopsy which is associated with serious complications following surgery. This paper presents the application of transbronchial cryobiopsy in children while few case have been reported globally. 

Key words: transbronchial cryobiopsy, diffuse parenchymal lung disease, diagnosis

摘要： 病理诊断对弥漫性实质性肺病的诊治具有极为重要的指导意义，获取理想肺组织是病理诊断的基础。目前获得肺组织的方法有外科肺活检、经支气管肺活检和经支气管冷冻肺活检。鉴于外科肺活检术后严重并发症风险高、经支气管肺活检获得肺组织标本小且结构不完整，在临床实践中经支气管冷冻肺活检可作为成人弥漫性实质性肺病获取病理的一线微创手段。全球范围内儿童经支气管冷冻肺活检的报道较少，该文针对这一技术在儿童病例中的应用进行了阐述。

关键词: 冷冻肺活检, 弥漫性实质性肺病, 诊断