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Abstract: Arthralgia is one of the common chief complaints in pediatric department. Due to its complex etiology and non-specific clinical manifestations，it is challenging to identify severe diseases at an early stage. Centered on the concept of risk priority，this paper emphasizes the importance of structured clinical thinking. A preliminary judgment pathway is established through detailed history-taking and physical examination，and a goal-oriented auxiliary examination strategy is implemented on the basis of risk stratification，so as to increase the early recognition rate of severe diseases and reduce excessive medical treatment. This paper analyzes the common cognitive biases and misunderstandings of young physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric arthralgia，and proposes the application value of the structured clinical thinking model in clinical practice.

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