中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 570-575.DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2025070609

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于性别和年龄分层的语言发育迟缓幼儿 502 例语言特征研究

  

  1. 1. 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童青少年生长发育与心理健康中心  国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心  儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室  儿童神经发育与认知障碍重庆市重点实验室，重庆  400014 ； 2. 华东师范大学教育学部康复科学系，上海  200062
  • 出版日期:2025-07-06 发布日期:2025-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 陈立，电子信箱：chenli@cqmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技部国家重点研发计划“ 生育健康及妇女儿童健康保障”重点专项（2022YFC2705201）、重庆市技术创新与应用发展川渝联合实施重点研发项目（CSTB2022TIAD-CUX0003）

A study of language characteristics in 502 young children with language delay based on gender and age stratification

  1. Development and Mental Health Center of Children and Adolescents, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University， Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders，Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders，Chongqing  400014，China
  • Online:2025-07-06 Published:2025-09-02

摘要：

目的 分析语言发育迟缓（LD）儿童与典型发育（发育正常）儿童（TD）语言特点，为临床早期筛查提供依据。方法　回顾性选取2019年10月至2023年10月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科就诊的12~36月龄幼儿的临床资料分析。将主诉为说话晚、词汇量少等并经医生诊断为 LD 的502例儿童纳入 LD 组；同期纳入该科室456例体检正常儿童为 TD 组。所有受试者进行了《早期语言发育进程筛查量表》的标准化评估。两组语言的特征差异采用方差分析。结果 LD 组内男女比例（2.1~4.0）∶1，语言表达性（MD=-1.938，P=0.015）和理解性分数（MD=-2.630，P=0.015）男性均低于女性。年龄分层提示，12~18月龄儿童的语言表达性与理解性差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），>18~24月龄与 >24~36月龄儿童的语言表达性分数均低于理解性分数（MD 分别为 -8.000与 -3.964，均 P<0.001），>24~36月龄儿童的语言理解性分数低于 >18~24月龄（MD=-4.084，P=0.010）。结论 LD 幼儿中，男性的语言能力较女性受损更严重；18月龄后语言表达能力呈现显著落后，24月龄后语言理解能力落后加剧。建议临床诊疗中重视儿童语言发展中的性别差异，并在12月龄开始对儿童语言能力全面筛查，并规律监测至24月龄以上，早期筛查、识别LD 儿童，并及时干预。

关键词:

Abstract: Objective To analyze language characteristics differences of children with language delay（LD）and children with typical development（TD）in order to provide evidence for early clinical diagnosis and intervention. Methods Children aged 12-36 months who visited the Child Health Department of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，China from October 2019 to October 2023 were selected as study participants.The LD group included 502 children diagnosed with LD by physician assessment following parental concerns about exhibiting delayed onset of speech or demonstrating a restricted vocabulary，while the TD group comprised 456 children undergoing routine developmental checkups during the same period.All participants underwent standardized evaluation using the early language milestones scale. Language characteristics stratified by sex and age were compared between the two groups using analysis of variance. Results Within the LD group，the male-to-female ratio was significantly higher（2.1-4）∶1，and males exhibited lower levels in both language comprehension（MD=-2.630，P=0.015）and expression （MD=-1.938，P=0.015） compared to females.Age-stratified analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in language expressive or comprehension ability between 12-18-month-old children （P>0.05）.Children aged >18 to 24 months and >24 to 36 months both scored significantly lower in expressive language than in comprehension language（MD = -8.000 and MD=-3.964， respectively； both P< 0.001）. Furthermore，comprehension language scores were significantly lower in children aged >24 to 36 months compared to those aged >18 to 24 months（MD = -4.084，P= 0.010）. Conclusion Male children are more susceptible to LD than females，with greater language impairment severity. Language expressive skills demonstrate marked delays after 18 months of age，while deficits in language comprehension abilities become more pronounced after 24 months of age.It is recommended to pay attention to gender differences in children’s language development in clinical practice and to conduct comprehensive screening of children’s language abilities at 12 months of age，with regular monitoring continuing beyond 24 months of age，to facilitate early screening，identification，and timely intervention.

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