中国实用儿科杂志

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儿童发作性睡病28例临床分析

王新华周水珍周渊峰   

  1. 作者单位:复旦大学附属儿科医院,上海 201102
  • 出版日期:2014-10-06 发布日期:2014-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 周渊峰 

Analyses of clinical features and misdiagnoses for 28 cases of pediatric narcolepsy.

WANG Xin-hua,ZHOU Shui-zhen,ZHOU Yuan-feng.   

  1. Children’s Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 201102,China
  • Online:2014-10-06 Published:2014-10-08

摘要:

目的 分析儿童发作性睡病(NRL)临床特征及脑电图(EEG)特点。方法 2010年1月至2012年10月就诊于复旦大学附属儿科医院神经科门诊的28例诊断为NRL患儿,进行常规EEG、长程视频脑电图(VEEG)及多次睡眠潜伏试验(MSLT)检查;对曾经误诊病例,探讨其误诊原因。结果 28例均有不同程度多睡。19例(67.9%)有猝倒表现,2例(7.1%)伴睡前幻觉,1例(3.6%)伴醒时幻觉。1例(3.6%)伴睡眠瘫痪。28例EEG背景活动均正常,VEEG排除癫痫发作。MSLT结果:所有患儿平均睡眠潜伏期缩短,快速眼动相睡眠(REM)睡眠潜伏期缩短,28例均<5 min ,均有2次或2次以上睡眠开始时快速眼动相睡眠(sleep onset REM periods,SOREMP)。误诊分析:4例(14.3%)曾被误诊为眼肌型重症肌无力,6例(21.4%)曾被误诊为癫痫,1例(3.6%)曾被误诊为精神分裂症。14例轻症患儿予神经科门诊随访。1例存在多睡、猝倒、睡眠幻觉,家长未允其接受药物治疗,仅予行为指导。13例严重多睡患儿给予哌甲酯或哌甲酯缓释剂治疗,并结合行为指导。结论 儿童NRL临床并不少见,而一些小年龄起病者,因其发病初期症状较轻、临床表现不典型,容易误诊。应密切随访患儿临床症状变化,结合VEEG及MSLT等多种辅助检查进行分析,减少误诊。

关键词: 发作性睡病, 儿童, 多次睡眠潜伏试验, 癫痫

Abstract:

Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and EEC features of narcolepsy. Methods The clinical data of 28 narcoleptic children were analyzed.Video-EEG monitoring and multiple sleep latency test were performed in all patients. Results All the patients manifested with excessive daytime sleepiness ,with disrupted nocturnal sleep.Cataplexy appeared in 19 cases,and hypnagogic hallucination in 2,hypnopompic hallucination in 1,and sleep paralysis in 1,respectively.EEG and VEEG of all patients were normal. The multiple sleep latency test demonstrated a short sleep latency (<5 minutes) and two or more sleep onset REM periods (SOREMPs) in all patients.Four patients were misdiagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Six children were misdiagnosed with epilepsy. One patient was misdiagnosed with schizophrenia. Fourteen mild patients were followed up at the neurological out-patient department. One case of sleepiness,cataplexy and sleep hallucination was given just behavior guidance because the parents refused to receive drug treatment. Thirteen children with severe sleepiness was treated with methylphenidate along with behavior guidance. Conclusion Narcolepsy in children is not rare in clinics. For some young children, it is likely to be misdiagnosed because of its mild symptoms at onset and atypical clinical manifestations. The patients should be closely followed up for the changes of clinical symptoms. Misdiagnosis can be reduced by means of VEEG and MSLT.

Key words: narcolepsy, child, multiple sleep latency test(MSLT), misdiagnose, epilepsy

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