中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 369-372.DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2026050603

• 专题笔谈 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿科新生儿领域近年研究进展与未来展望

  

  1. 1.汕头大学医学院附属深圳妇儿医院（龙岗）深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院新生儿科，广东  深圳  518172 ；2.中国医科大学附属盛京医院新生儿科，辽宁  沈阳  110004 ；3.广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心新生儿医学中心，广东  广州  510623
  • 出版日期:2026-05-06 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 周文浩，电子信箱：zhouwenhao@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“ 生育健康及妇女儿童健康保障”重点专项（2024YFC2707700）；国家自然科学基金（82571963）；广东省自然科学基金（2025A1515012162、2024A1515010590）

Research advances and future prospects in the field of neonates in pediatrics in recent years

  1. *Shenzhen Affiliated Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Shantou University，Shenzhen  518172，China
  • Online:2026-05-06 Published:2026-06-23

摘要： 近年来，新生儿医学正经历从关注即时存活向优化远期生存质量的战略转型。国际学界在母胎界面与代际健康、产房精准复苏、新生儿期多模态脑功能监护、生命早期微生态 - 免疫轴调控、感染与遗传性疾病防治，以及早产儿远期康复等领域取得重要进展。这些成果深化了对发育起源疾病机制的理解，推动临床实践从群体化方案向个体化精准医疗转变。该文系统梳理近五年发表于国际顶级期刊的重要研究成果，结合作者团队在新生儿神经重症领域的临床与研究经验，按照母胎 - 产房 - 新生儿期 - 早产后的逻辑主线，展望以多模态监测与个体化干预为核心的发展方向，以期为构建符合中国人群特征的新生儿精准医学体系提供参考。

关键词: 母胎界面, 产房复苏, 脑功能监护, 微生态干预, 早产儿康复

Abstract: In recent years，neonatal medicine has been undergoing a strategic transformation from focusing on immediate survival to optimizing long-term quality of life.Important advances have been made internationally in areas including the maternal-fetal interface and intergenerational health，precision resuscitation in the delivery room，multimodal brain function monitoring in the neonatal period，early-life microbiome-immune axis regulation，prevention and treatment of infectious and genetic diseases，and long-term rehabilitation for preterm infants. These achievements have deepened the understanding of mechanisms underlying the diseases of developmental origins，and are driving the shift of clinical practice from population-based protocols toward individualized precision medicine. This article systematically reviews significant research findings published in top international journals over the past five years. Based on the authors' clinical and research experience in neonatal neurocritical care，and following the logical thread of maternal-fetal interface-delivery room-neonatal period-post-prematurity，we outline future directions centered on multimodal monitoring and individualized intervention，aiming to provide references for constructing a neonatal precision medicine system tailored to the Chinese population.

Key words: maternal-fetal interface, delivery room resuscitation, brain function monitoring, microbiome intervention, preterm infant rehabilitation