关键词: 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病, 新型生物标志物, 应用前景

Abstract: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy（HIE） represents a critical condition contributing to neonatal mortality and disability，and its early and precise intervention heavily relies on time-sensitive biomarker identification. Current clinical assessment systems are notably limited by their latency and subjectivity，failing to meet the decision-making demands of precision diagnostics such as the“golden window”for therapeutic hypothermia. With breakthroughs in advanced technologies including phenomics，proteomics，genomics，and artificial intelligence-driven multimodal data integration，research on HIE biomarkers is evolving towards a dynamic network integrating phenome-proteome-metabolome-transcriptome data. This shift is enabling a transition from static evaluation to real-time dynamic precision monitoring，and from diagnostic classification to treatment response and prediction. This review focuses on the most promising novel biomarkers，systematically explores recent advances in reconstructing early warning，precise stratification，and individualized neuroprotective strategies for HIE，and analyzes the challenges and opportunities of multi-omics integration and AI modeling in transforming the diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm for HIE.

Key words: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, novel biomarkers, application prospects