关键词: 儿童, 益生菌, 过敏性疾病, 肠道菌群, 微生态

Abstract: In recent years，the prevalence of allergic diseases among children in China has been increasing year by year.Changes in modern lifestyle and diet，as well as the increase in the rate of cesarean section and the use of antibiotics in the early stage of life directly or indirectly affect the development direction of intestinal flora colonization，succession and immunity in early life.These factors are closely associated with the long-term health and risk of diseases，particularly allergic diseases of infants. The“hygiene hypothesis”theory has been widely supported by research，suggesting that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota serves as a prerequisite and foundation for the development of allergic diseases.Therefore，microbial ecological strategies can be considered important approaches to the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.This article provides a systematic review and discussion on the role of early-life gut microbiota development in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases，as well as the research progress on the application of probiotics in children with allergic diseases，aiming to provide a basis for primary prevention and targeted treatment of allergic diseases.

Key words: child, probiotics, allergic diseases, intestinal flora, micro-biome