Abstract: The extraction of a mandibular third molar involving the inferior alveolar nerve often causes damage to the inferior alveolar nerve，which is one of the most important complications. Many scholars have proposed new methods，such as coronectomy，orthodontic extraction and pericoronal ostectomy to reduce the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve injuries. This article will review the principles，indications，operational considerations，advantages and disadvantages of the methods of mandibular third molar extraction.

Key words: inferior alveolar nerve, mandibular third molar, coronectomy, orthodontic extraction, pericoronal ostectomy

摘要： 累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙传统拔除方法常会引起以下牙槽神经损伤为主的并发症，为此有众多学者提出新的拔除方法，如截冠法、正畸牵引辅助及冠周去骨法等，以减少下牙槽神经损伤的发生。文章就累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙拔除方法的原理、适应证、操作注意事项及优缺点等做一综述。

关键词: 下牙槽神经, 下颌第三磨牙, 截冠, 正畸牵引辅助, 冠周去骨法