Abstract:

With the increasing clinical application of dental implants，the criteria for defining successful implants become more stringent. Decrease or loss of peri-implant papilla can result in esthetic and functional problems，such as "black triangle" and food impaction，which become one of the reasons for implant failure. How to prevent the height decrease of peri-implant papilla and how to rebuild peri-implant papilla are the important topics in implant dentistry. Patients with periodontitis face higher risk of papilla height decrease. The present article is aimed to review and evaluate the risk factors of the decrease of papilla height，and the methods of prevention and rebuilding. We also emphasize the high risk of patients with periodontitis regarding the interproximal bone loss.

Key words: dental implant, gingival papilla, periodontitis

摘要：

随着口腔种植修复技术的广泛应用，对种植治疗成功的标准界定越来越严格。种植义齿周围龈乳头高度不足或缺失造成“黑三角”及食物嵌塞等问题，严重影响种植义齿的美观和功能，成为种植治疗失败的原因之一。如何预防和治疗种植义齿周围“黑三角”问题是种植修复的难点。此外，牙周炎患者在龈乳头高度降低方面存在更大的风险。文章就影响种植义齿周围龈乳头高度的风险因素、预防和改建方法等进行评述，并强调牙周炎患者由于邻间骨丧失造成的相关风险。

关键词: 牙种植体, 龈乳头, 牙周炎