Abstract:

Dental extraction is the most common operation in oral surgery，and the basic tools include forceps，elevator，gum separator and curette. With the development of science and technology and the update of the concept of dental extraction，the design of the basic extraction tools are more in line with the principles of physics，mechanics，and can adapt to the anatomy of the tooth itself. These changes can decrease the damage to the hard and soft tissue，reduce the time of tooth extraction and reduce the pain of patients. In order to provide assistance to dentists in clinical practice，this paper will present the selection and use of basic tools for tooth extraction.

Key words: dental extraction, tooth extraction tools, forceps, elevator

摘要：

牙拔除术是口腔外科最常见的手术，常规拔牙器械包括牙钳、牙挺、牙龈分离器及刮匙。在患牙拔除过程中，正确地选择及应用常规拔牙器械既能最大限度地减少软、硬组织损伤及拔牙并发症的发生，还能达到缩短拔牙时间、减轻患者痛苦的目的。文章对常规拔牙器械的选择及应用加以说明，以期为口腔医生在临床操作中提供帮助。

关键词: 牙拔除术, 拔牙器械, 牙钳, 牙挺