Abstract: As one of the clinical training programs of oral and maxillofacial surgery，the extraction of the completely impacted teeth is a complex surgical skill which should be mastered by intern students. Since the completely impacted teeth usually have a close relationship with the important anatomical structures such as the roots of adjacent teeth and nerves，the traditional methods in the surgical extraction of the completely impacted teeth requires the clinical experience of the surgeon. Therefore，it is necessary to accurately determine the location of the impacted teeth. Due to lack of clinical experience，however，medical interns have usually had some problems such as inaccurate positioning，which can result in prolonged operation time，more trauma and even the damage to the adjacent teeth. Therefore，it is necessary to carry out adequate simulation training before surgery in the training processes of the fully impacted teeth extraction. This research combines the digital surgical guide plates with 3D printing technology to prepare a simulation teaching model to assist students in accurately positioning of the shape，position and direction of the completely impacted teeth，thereby determining the position of the window and the scope of removing bone and finally smoothly extracting the completely impacted teeth. The digital surgical guide plates have effectively improved the accuracy of  extracting the completely impacted teeth in the training process，and reduced the probability of damage to adjacent teeth，nearby nerves and blood vessels. The 3D printing model intuitively simulate the shape of the completely impacted tooth and its position in the alveolar bone，which is convenient for intern students to accurately locate the impacted tooth，quickly accumulate clinical experience and master the extraction skills of the completely impacted teeth. This teaching model is helpful for the training of virtual extraction surgery of the completely impacted teeth. Its design conforms to the clinical characteristics of the completely impacted teeth and can effectively improve the clinical ability of medical students. This teaching model is suitable to be used in medical schools for clinical teaching.

Key words: completely impacted tooth, supernumerary tooth, 3D printing, digital surgical guide plates

摘要： 埋伏牙拔除术作为口腔颌面外科专业临床训练项目之一，是实习医生必须掌握的一项复杂手术技能。由于埋伏牙一般与邻牙牙根、神经等重要解剖结构关系密切，使用传统手术拔除的方法对术者临床操作要求较高，需要准确判断埋伏牙的位置。而实习医生由于临床经验不足，常发生定位不精确而导致手术时间过长、创伤过大甚至发生邻牙损伤等并发症。因此，在埋伏牙拔除术的教学培训过程中，术前进行充足的模拟训练十分必要。本研究联合运用数字化外科导板和3D打印技术制备仿真教学模型，并以此模型辅助实习医生精确了解埋伏牙的形态、位置和方向，进而决定开窗位置、去骨范围，并最终顺利拔除埋伏牙。其中，数字化外科导板能有效提高实习医生在训练拔除埋伏牙手术过程中的准确性，降低邻牙及附近神经血管损伤的概率。而3D打印个性化模型能直观地模拟埋伏牙的形态及其在牙槽骨中的位置，便于实习医生精准定位埋伏牙，迅速积累临床经验并掌握拔除技巧。该教学模型有助于埋伏牙虚拟拔除手术的训练，其设计符合埋伏牙的临床特征，能有效提高实习医生的临床动手能力，适合推广到医学院校用于临床教学。

关键词: 埋伏阻生牙, 埋伏多生牙, 3D打印, 数字化外科导板