Abstract: The removal of pulp tissue，microorganisms，toxins and necrotic residue from the root canal system is critical to the success of root canal therapy. However due to the complex anatomical structure of root canal system，such as isthmus and lateral root canal，the root canal cannot be completely shaped and cleaned. Mechanical preparation may form a smear layer on the root canal wall. The tissue debris，microorganisms，toxins and necrotic residue may remain in the complex anatomical structure，which can lead to persistent periapical inflammation. Therefore，mechanical preparation alone cannot achieve the ideal cleaning effect，it also needs to be combined with root canal irrigation. Root canal irrigation is the important part of the root canal cleaning；however，in traditional root canal irrigation，the penetration of irrigant is limited. To improve the efficacy，flow and distribution of irrigating solutions within root canals，different activated irrigations were suggested. In this paper，the purpose and characteristics of irrigation，activated irrigation and its application strategy were introduced.

Key words: activated irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, sonic, laser-activated irrigation

摘要： 从根管系统中彻底清除牙髓组织、微生物、毒素及坏死组织是根管治疗成功的关键。但由于根管系统解剖结构的复杂性，如峡部和侧支根管的存在，使得根管的清理与成形具有挑战性。机械预备会在根管壁形成玷污层，而残留的牙髓组织、微生物、毒素及坏死组织可能会导致根尖周组织的持续感染。因此，单纯的机械预备并不能达到理想的根管清理效果，还需结合根管冲洗。根管冲洗是根管清理的重要组成部分，但传统的根管内冲洗器冲洗，在冲洗剂渗透范围方面受到限制，为了提高冲洗剂的效率、流量和在根管系统的分布范围，多种动能冲洗技术被陆续提出。文章将从冲洗的目的和特点、动能冲洗技术及应用策略三部分进行介绍。

关键词: 动能冲洗, 被动超声冲洗, 声波, 激光激活冲洗